Economic Background and Educational Attainment

References

1. ↵
   1. Barber Nigel

   . 2010. “Pity the Poor Murderer, His Genes Made Him Do It.” Psychology Today. www.psychologytoday.com/blog/the-human-beast/201007/pity-the-poor-murderer-his-genes-made-him-do-it (retrieved 4/15/2013).
2. ↵
   1. Beauchamp Jonathan,
   2. Cesarini David,
   3. Johannesson Magnus,
   4. et al

   . 2011. “Molecular Genetics and Economics.” Journal of Economic Perspectives 25(4):57–82.

   OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
3. ↵
   1. Behrman Jere R.,
   2. Pollak Robert A.,
   3. Taubman Paul

   . 1982. “Parental Preferences and Provision for Progeny.” Journal of Political Economy 90(1):52–73.

   OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
4. ↵
   1. Behrman Jere R.,
   2. Taubman Paul

   . 1989. “Is Schooling “Mostly in the Genes”? Nature-Nurture Decomposition Using Data on Relatives.” Journal of Political Economy 97(6): 1425–46.

   OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
5. ↵
   1. Benjamin Daniel,
   2. Cesarini David,
   3. Chabris Christopher,
   4. et al.

   2012. “The Promises and Pitfalls of Genoeconomics.” Annual Review of Economics 4:627–62.

   OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
6. ↵
   1. Björklund Anders,
   2. Kjell Salvanes

   2011. “Education and Family Background: Mechanisms and Policies.” In Handbook of the Economics of Education Volume 3, ed. Hanushek E., Machin S., Woessmann L., 201–47. Amsterdam: North Holland.
7. ↵
   1. Björklund Anders,
   2. Lindahl Mikael,
   3. Plug Erik

   . 2006. “The Origins of Intergenerational Associations: Lessons From Swedish Adoption Data.” Quarterly Journal of Economics 121(3):999–1028.

   OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
8. ↵
   1. Black Sandra,
   2. Devereux Paul

   2010. “Recent Developments in Intergenerational Mobility.” In Handbook of Labor Economics 4th Edition Volume B, ed. Ashenfelter Orley, Layard R., Card David, 1487–541. Amsterdam: North Holland.
9. ↵
   1. Black Sandra,
   2. Devereux Paul,
   3. Salvanes Kjell

   . 2005. “Why The Apple Doesn’t Fall Far: Understanding Intergenerational Transmission Of Human Capital.” American Economic Review 95(1):437–49.

   OpenUrl
10. ↵
    1. Brunner H.,
    2. Nelen M.,
    3. Breakefield X.,
    4. et al

    . 1993. “Abnormal Behavior Associated with a Point Mutation in the Structural Gene for Monoamine Oxidase A.” Science 262(5133): 578–80.

    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
11. ↵
    1. Cadoret R,
    2. Winokur G,
    3. Langbehn D,
    4. et al

    . 1996. “Depression Spectrum Disease: The Role of Gene-Environment Interaction.” American Journal of Psychiatry 153(7):892–99.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
12. ↵
    1. Carpenter Jeffrey,
    2. Garcia Justin,
    3. Lum Koji

    . 2011. “Dopamine Receptor Genes Predict Risk Preferences, Time Preferences, and Related Economic Choices.” Journal of Risk and Uncertainty 42(3):233–61.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
13. ↵
    1. Cases Oliver,
    2. Seif Isabelle,
    3. Grimsby Joseph,
    4. et al

    . 1995. “Aggressive Behavior and Altered Amounts of Brain Serotonin and Norepinephrine in Mice Lacking MAOA.” Science 268(5218):1763–66.

    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
14. ↵
    1. Caspi Avshalom,
    2. McClay Joseph,
    3. Moffit Terrie,
    4. Mill Jonathan,
    5. Martin Judy,
    6. Craig Ian,
    7. Taylor Alan,
    8. Poulton Richie

    . 2002. “Role of Genotype in the Cycle of Violence in Maltreated Children.” Science 297(5582):851–54.

    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
15. ↵
    1. Caspi Avshalom,
    2. Moffitt Terrie,
    3. Cannon Mary,
    4. et al

    . 2005. “Moderation of the Effect of Adolescent-Onset Cannabis Use on Adult Psychosis by a Functional Polymorphism in the Catechol-O-Methyltransferase Gene: Longitudinal Evidence of a Gene by Environment Interaction.” Biological Psychiatry 57(10):1117–27.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
16. ↵
    1. Champagne Frances,
    2. Mashoodh Rahia

    . 2009. “Gene-Environment Interplay and the Origins of Individual Differences in Behavior.” Current Directions in Psychological Science 18(3):127–31.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
17. ↵
    1. Chantala Kim

    . 2001. “Constructing Weights to Use in Analyzing Pairs of Individuals from Add Health Data.” http://www.Cpc.Unc.edu/projects/AddHealth/data/guides/pweights.pdf. (retrieved 4/15/2013).
18. ↵
    1. Coleman James

    . 1966. “Equality of Educational Opportunity.” United States Office of Education, and National Center for Education Statistics, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education. Washington, D.C.
19. 1. Conley Dalton

    . 2011. “In Search of GE: Why We Have Not Documented a Gene–Social Environment Interaction Yet?” Biosocial Foundations of Family Processes (4):231–46.

    OpenUrl
20. ↵
    1. Conley Dalton,
    2. Rauscher Emily

    2010. “Genetic Interactions with Prenatal Social Environment: Effects on Academic and Behavioral Outcomes.” National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper.
21. ↵
    1. Cunha Flavio,
    2. Heckman James

    . 2007. “The Technology of Skill Formation.” The American Economic Review Papers and Proceedings 97(2):31–47.

    OpenUrl
22. ↵
    1. Cunha Flavio,
    2. Heckman James,
    3. Schennach Susanne

    . 2010. “Estimating the Technology of Cognitive and Noncognitive Skill Formation.” Econometrica 78(3):883–931.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
23. ↵
    1. Dahl Gordon,
    2. Lochner Lance

    . 2012. The Impact of Family Income on Child Achievement: Evidence from the Earned Income Tax Credit.” American Economic Review 102(5): 1927–56.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
24. ↵
    1. De Neve Jan-Emmanuel,
    2. Fowler James

    2010. “The MAOA Gene Predicts Credit Card Debt.” Working Paper, Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1457224 (retrieved 4/15/2013).
25. ↵
    1. Ding Weili,
    2. Lehrer Steven,
    3. Rosenquist Niels,
    4. Audrain-McGovern Janet

    . 2009. “The Impact of Poor Health on Academic Performance: New Evidence Using Genetic Markers.” Journal of Health Economics 28(3):578–97.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
26. ↵
    1. Duncan Greg,
    2. Morris Pamela,
    3. Rodrigues Chris

    . 2011. “Does Money Really Matter? Estimating Impacts of Family Income on Young Children’s Achievement with Data From Random-AssignmentExperiments”.”Developmental Psychology 47(5):1263–79.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
27. ↵
    1. Ermisch John,
    2. Francesconi Marco

    . 2000. “Educational Choice, Families, and Young People’s Earnings.” Journal of Human Resources 35(4):143–76.

    OpenUrl
28. ↵
    1. Fletcher Jason,
    2. Lehrer Steven

    2009. “The Effects of Adolescent Health on Educational Outcomes: Causal Evidence Using Genetic Lotteries Between Siblings.” Forum for Health Economics and Policy 12(2).
29. ↵
    1. Fletcher Jason,
    2. Lehrer Steven

    . 2011. “Genetic Lotteries Within Families.” Journal of Health Economics 30(4): 647–59.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
30. ↵
    1. Guo Guang,
    2. Roettger Michael E.,
    3. Cai Tianji

    . 2008. “The Integration of Genetic Propensities into Social-Control Models of Delinquency and Violence Among Male Youths.” American Sociological Review 73(4):543–68.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
31. ↵
    1. Hartl Daniel,
    2. Elizabeth Jones

    . 1999. Essential Genetics. London: Jones and Bartlett press.
32. ↵
    1. Heckman James

    . 2007. “The Economics, Technology, and Neuroscience of Human Capability Formation.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 104(33):13250–55.

    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
33. ↵
    1. Hill William,
    2. Goddard Michael,
    3. Visscher Peter

    2005. “Data and Theory Point to Mainly Additive Genetic Variance for Complex Traits.” Public Library of Science 4(2).
34. ↵
    1. Hutchison Kent,
    2. McGeary John,
    3. Smolen Andrew,
    4. et al

    . 2002. “The DRD4 VNTR Polymorphism Moderates Craving After Alcohol Consumption.” Health Psychology 21(2):139–46.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
35. ↵
    1. Kendler K.,
    2. Karkowski L.,
    3. Prescott C.

    1999. “The Assessment of Dependence in the Study of Stressful Life Events: Validation Using a Twin Design.” Psychological Medicine 29(6):1455–60.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
36. ↵
    1. Løken Katrine,
    2. Mogstad Magne,
    3. Wiswall Matthew

    . 2012. “What Linear Estimators Miss: The Effects of Family Income on Child Outcomes.” American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 4(2):1–35.

    OpenUrl
37. ↵
    1. Lundborg Petter,
    2. Stenberg Anders

    . 2010. “Nature, Nurture and Socioeconomic Policy—What Can We Learn from Molecular Genetics?”” Economics and Human Biology 8(3): 320–30.

    OpenUrlPubMed
38. ↵
    1. Mayo Clinic Staff

    . 2012. “Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors” www.Mayoclinic.com/health/maois/MH00072 (retrieved 9/15/2012).
39. ↵
    1. McGarry Kathleen

    . 1999. “Inter Vivos Transfers and Intended Bequests.” Journal of Public Economics 73(03):321–51.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
40. ↵
    1. Milligan Kevin,
    2. Stabile Mark,
    3. M

    2011. “Do Child Tax Benefits Affect the Well-Being of Children? Evidence from Canadian Child Benefit Expansions.” American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 3(3):175–205.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
41. ↵
    1. Mullahy John

    . 2011. “Symposium on Genetic Data in Health Economics Research.” Health Economics 20(8).
42. ↵
    1. Plug Eric,
    2. Vijverberg Wim

    . 2003. “Schooling, Family Background, and Adoption: Is It Nature or Is It Nurture?” Journal of Political Economy 111(3):611–41.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
43. ↵
    1. Reardon Sean

    . 2011. “The Widening Academic Achievement Gap Between the Rich and the Poor: New Evidence and Possible Explanations.” In Social Inequalities and Educational Disadvantage, ed. Duncan G., Murnane R. J., 91–116. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution.
44. ↵
    1. Retz Wolfgang,
    2. Freitag Christine,
    3. Retz-Junginger Petra,
    4. et al

    . 2008. “A Functional Serotonin Transporter Promoter Gene Polymorphism Increases ADHD Symptoms in Delinquents: Interaction with Adverse Childhood Environment.” Psychiatry Research 158(2):123–31.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
45. ↵
    1. Rutter Michael

    . 2007. “Gene-Environment Interdependence.” Developmental Science 10(1):12–18.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
46. ↵
    1. Rutter Michael

    . 2006. Genes and Behavior: Nature-Nurture Interplay Explained. Malden: Blackwell Publishers.
47. ↵
    1. Sabol S.,
    2. Hu S.,
    3. Hamer D.

    1998. “A Functional Polymorphism in the Monoamine Oxidase A Gene Promoter.” Human Genetics 103(3):273–79.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
48. ↵
    1. Sacerdote Bruce

    . 2007. “How Large are the Effects from Changes in Family Environment? A Study of Korean American Adoptees.” Quarterly Journal of Economics 122(1):119–57.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
49. ↵
    1. Sacerdote Bruce

    . 2011. “Nature and Nurture Effects on Children’s Outcomes: What Have We Learned from Studies of Twins and Adoptees?” In Handbook of Social Economics, Volume 1(A), ed. Benhabib J., Bisin A., Jackson M., 1–31. Philadelphia: Elsevier.
50. ↵
    1. Settle Jaime,
    2. Dawes Christopher,
    3. Christakis Nicholas,
    4. et al

    . 2010. “Friendships Moderate an Association Between a Dopamine Gene Variant and Political Ideology.” Journal of Politics 72(4):1189–98.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
51. ↵
    1. Shanahan Michael,
    2. Vaisey Stephen,
    3. Erickson Lance,
    4. Smolen Andrew

    . 2008. “Environmental Contingencies and Genetic Propensities: Social Capital, Educational Continuation, and Dopamine Receptor Gene DRD4.” American Journal of Sociology 114 (Supplement):S260–86.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
52. ↵
    1. Sheese Brad,
    2. Voelker Pascale,
    3. Rothbart Mary,
    4. Posner Michael

    . 2007. “Parenting Quality Interacts with Genetic Variation in Dopamine Receptor D4 to Influence Temperament in Early Childhood.” Development and Psychopathology 19(4):1039–46.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
53. ↵
    1. Shih J.,
    2. Thompson R.

    1999. “Monoamine Oxidase in Neuropsychiatry and Behavior.” American Journal of Human Genetics 65(3):593–98.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
54. ↵
    1. Taubman Paul

    . 1976. “Earnings, Education, Genetics, and Environment.” Journal of Human Resources 11(4):447–61.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
55. ↵
    1. Todd Petra,
    2. Wolpin Kenneth,
    3. K

    2003. “On the Specification and Estimation of the Production Function for Cognitive Achievement.” Economic Journal 118(485):F3–33.

    OpenUrl
56. ↵
    1. Tollefson G

    . 1983. “Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors: A Review.” Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 44(8):280–88.

    OpenUrl
57. ↵
    1. Turkheimer Eric,
    2. Haley Andreana,
    3. Waldron Mary,
    4. et al

    . 2003. “Socioeconomic Status Modifies Heritability of IQ in Young Children.” Psychological Science 14(6):623–28.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
58. ↵
    1. Venter Craig,
    2. Adams Mark,
    3. Myers Eugene,
    4. et al

    . 2001. “The Sequence of the Human Genome.” Science 291(5507):1304–51.

    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
59. ↵
    1. Wilhelm Kay,
    2. Mitchell Philip,
    3. Niven Heather,
    4. et al

    . 2006. “Life Events, First Depression Onset and the Serotonin Transporter Gene.” British Journal of Psychiatry: The Journal of Mental Science 188:210–15.

    OpenUrl