Skip to main content

Main menu

  • Home
  • Content
    • Current
    • Ahead of print
    • Archive
    • Supplementary Material
  • Info for
    • Authors
    • Subscribers
    • Institutions
    • Advertisers
  • About Us
    • About Us
    • Editorial Board
  • Connect
    • Feedback
    • Help
    • Request JHR at your library
  • Alerts
  • Call for Editor
  • Free Issue
  • Special Issue
  • Other Publications
    • UWP

User menu

  • Register
  • Subscribe
  • My alerts
  • Log in
  • My Cart

Search

  • Advanced search
Journal of Human Resources
  • Other Publications
    • UWP
  • Register
  • Subscribe
  • My alerts
  • Log in
  • My Cart
Journal of Human Resources

Advanced Search

  • Home
  • Content
    • Current
    • Ahead of print
    • Archive
    • Supplementary Material
  • Info for
    • Authors
    • Subscribers
    • Institutions
    • Advertisers
  • About Us
    • About Us
    • Editorial Board
  • Connect
    • Feedback
    • Help
    • Request JHR at your library
  • Alerts
  • Call for Editor
  • Free Issue
  • Special Issue
  • Follow uwp on Twitter
  • Follow JHR on Bluesky
Research ArticleArticles

The Impact of Judicial Elections in the Sentencing of Black Crime

Kyung H. Park
Journal of Human Resources, October 2017, 52 (4) 998-1031; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3368/jhr.52.4.0415-7057R1
Kyung H. Park
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • Article
  • Figures & Data
  • Supplemental
  • Info & Metrics
  • References
  • PDF
Loading

References

  1. ↵
    1. Alesina Alberto
    . 1988. “Credibility and Policy Convergence in a Two-Party System with Rational Voters”. The American Economic Review 78(4):796–805.
    OpenUrlWeb of Science
  2. ↵
    1. Angrist Joshua,
    2. Krueger Alan
    . 1999. “Empirical Strategies in Labor Economics”. Handbook of Labor Economics 3(A):1277–366.
    OpenUrlCrossRef
  3. ↵
    1. Antonovics Kate,
    2. Knight Brian
    . 2009. “A New Look at Racial Profiling: Evidence from the Boston Police Department”. The Review of Economics and Statistics 91(1):163–77.
    OpenUrlCrossRef
  4. ↵
    1. Anwar Shamena,
    2. Bayer Patrick,
    3. Hjalmarsson Randi
    . 2012. “The Impact of Jury Race in Criminal Trials”. The Quarterly Journal of Economics 127(2):1017–55.
    OpenUrlCrossRef
  5. ↵
    1. Anwar Shamena,
    2. Fang Hanming
    . 2006. “An Alternative Test of Racial Prejudice in Motor Vehicle Searches: Theory and Evidence”. The American Economic Review 96(1):127–51.
    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
  6. ↵
    1. Arrow Kenneth
    . 1973. “The Theory of Discrimination.” Discrimination in Labor Markets 3(10).
  7. ↵
    1. Becker Gary
    . 2010. The Economics of Discrimination. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
    1. Berdejo Carlos,
    2. Yuchtman Noam
    . 2013. “Crime, Punishment, and Politics: An Analysis of Political Cycles in Criminal Sentencing”. Review of Economics and Statistics 95(3):741–56.
    OpenUrlCrossRef
  8. ↵
    1. Bertrand Marianne,
    2. Mullainathan Sendhil
    . 2004. “Are Emily and Greg More Employable than Lakisha and Jamal? A Field Experiment on Labor Market Discrimination”. The American Economic Review 94(4):991–1013.
    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
  9. ↵
    1. BJS
    . 2006. Felony Sentences in State Courts, 2006. Bureau of Justice Statistics.
  10. ↵
    1. Blackmon Douglas
    . 2009. Slavery by Another Name: The Re-Enslavement of Black Americans from the Civil War to World War II. Random House LLC.
  11. ↵
    1. Bonczar Thomas,
    2. Beck Allen
    . 1997. “Lifetime Likelihood of Going to State or Federal Prison.” Birth 5 (4.4):28–5.
    OpenUrl
  12. ↵
    1. Bonneau Chris
    . 2007. “The Effects of Campaign Spending in State Supreme Court Elections”. Political Research Quarterly 60(3):489–99.
    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
  13. ↵
    1. Brace Paul,
    2. Hall Melinda
    . 1997. “The Interplay of Preferences, Case Facts, Context, and Rules in the Politics of Judicial Choice”. The Journal of Politics 59(4):1206–31.
    OpenUrlCrossRef
  14. ↵
    1. Brown Robert
    . 2009. “Toxic Judicial Elections: A Proposed Remedy”. The Arkansas Lawyer 44(4):12–41.
    OpenUrl
  15. ↵
    1. Champagne Anthony
    . 2001. “Television Ads in Judicial Campaigns”. Indiana Law Review 35(669):669–89.
    OpenUrl
  16. ↵
    1. Charles K.,
    2. Guryan J.,
    3. Park K.,
    4. Price J.
    2009. “The Effect of Racial Bias on Voter Behavior.” Unpublished.
  17. ↵
    1. Charles Kerwin,
    2. Guryan Jonathan
    . 2008. “Prejudice and Wages: of Becker’s the Economics of Discrimination”. Journal of Political Economy 116(5):773–809.
    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
  18. ↵
    1. DiNardo John,
    2. Fortin Nicole,
    3. Lemieux Thomas
    . 1996. “Labor Market Institutions and the Distribution of Wages, 1973–1992: A Semiparametric Approach”. Econometrica 64 (5):1001–44.
    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
  19. ↵
    1. Duncan Birt
    . 1976. “Differential Social Perception and Attribution of Inter-Group Violence: Testing the Lower Limits of Stereotyping of Blacks”. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 34(4):590–98.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  20. ↵
    1. Entman Robert
    . 1992. “Blacks in the News: Television, Modern Racism, and Cultural Change”. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 69 (2):341–61.
    OpenUrlCrossRef
  21. ↵
    1. Fenno Richard
    . 1978. Home Style: House Members in their Districts. London: Pearson College Division.
  22. ↵
    1. Ferraz Claudio,
    2. Finan Frederico
    . 2009. “Electoral Accountability and Corruption: Evidence from the Audits of Local Governments.” Technical Report. National Bureau of Economic Research.
  23. ↵
    1. Gilliam Franklin,
    2. Iyengar Shanto
    . 2000. “Prime Suspects: The Influence of Local Television News on the Viewing Public”. American Journal of Political Science 44(3):560–73.
    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
  24. ↵
    1. Gordon Sanford,
    2. Huber Gregory
    . 2007. “The Effect of Electoral Competitiveness on Incumbent Behavior”. Quarterly Journal of Political Science 2(2):107–38.
    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
  25. ↵
    1. Hall Melinda
    . 1987. “Constituent Influence in State Supreme Courts: Conceptual Notes and a Case Study”. The Journal of Politics 49(4):1117–24.
    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
  26. ↵
    1. Hall Melinda
    . 1992. “Electoral Politics and Strategic Voting in State Supreme Courts”. Journal of Politics 54(2):427–46.
    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
  27. ↵
    1. Hall Melinda
    . 1995. “Justices as Representatives: Elections and Judicial Politics in the American States”. American Politics Research 23 (4):485–503.
    OpenUrlCrossRef
  28. ↵
    1. Huber Gregory,
    2. Gordon Sanford
    . 2004. “Accountability and Coercion: Is Justice Blind When It Runs for Office?” American Journal of Political Science 48(2):247–63.
    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
  29. ↵
    1. Hurwitz Jon,
    2. Peffley Mark
    . 1997. “Public Perceptions of Race and Crime: The Role of Racial Stereotypes”. American Journal of Political Science 41(2):375–401.
    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
  30. ↵
    1. Kam Cindy,
    2. Kinder Donald
    . 2012. “Ethnocentrism as a Short-Term Force in the 2008 American Presidential Election”. American Journal of Political Science 56(2):326–40.
    OpenUrlCrossRef
  31. ↵
    1. Kearney Melissa,
    2. Harris Benjamin,
    3. Jácome Elisa,
    4. Parker Lucie
    . 2014. “Ten Economic Facts about Crime and Incarceration in the United States.” Washington, DC: The Hamilton Project–Brookings Institution.
  32. ↵
    1. Knowles John,
    2. Persico Nicola,
    3. Todd Petra
    . 2001. “Racial Bias in Motor Vehicle Searches: Theory and Evidence”. Journal of Political Economy 109(1):203–29.
    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
  33. ↵
    1. LaCasse Chantale,
    2. Payne Abigail
    . 1999. “Federal Sentencing Guidelines and Mandatory Minimum Sentences: Do Defendants Bargain in the Shadow of the Judge?” The Journal of Law and Economics 42(S1):245–70.
    OpenUrl
  34. ↵
    1. Lee David,
    2. Moretti Enrico,
    3. Butler Matthew
    . 2004. “Do Voters Affect or Elect Policies? Evidence from the U.S. House”. The Quarterly Journal of Economics 199(3):807–59.
    OpenUrl
  35. ↵
    1. Levitt Steven
    . 2002. “Using Electoral Cycles in Police Hiring to Estimate the Effects of Police on Crime: Reply”. The American Economic Review 92(4):1244–50.
    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
  36. ↵
    1. Lim Claire
    . 2013. “Preferences and Incentives of Appointed and Elected Public Officials: Evidence from State Trial Court Judges”. The American Economic Review 103(4):1360–97.
    OpenUrlCrossRef
  37. ↵
    1. Lim Claire,
    2. Snyder James
    . 2012. “Elections and the Quality of Public Officials: Evidence from U.S. State Courts.” Technical Report. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research.
  38. ↵
    1. Lim Claire,
    2. Snyder James,
    3. Strömberg D.
    2010. “Measuring Media Influence on U.S. State Courts.”
  39. ↵
    1. Linde Hans
    . 1987. “Elective Judges: Some Comparative Comments.” S. Cal. L. Rev. 61:1995.
  40. ↵
    1. Mendelberg Tali
    . 2001. The Race Card: Campaign Strategy, Implicit Messages and the Norm of Equality. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
  41. ↵
    1. Muhammad Khalil
    . 2010. The Condemnation of Blackness. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  42. ↵
    1. Neyman J.,
    2. Scott Elizabeth
    . 1948. “Consistent Estimates Based on Partially Consistent Observations”. Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society 16(1):1–32.
    OpenUrl
  43. ↵
    1. Peffley Mark,
    2. Hurwitz John,
    3. Sniderman Paul
    . 1997. “Racial Stereotypes and Whites’ Political Views of Blacks in the Context of Welfare and Crime”. American Journal of Political Science 41(1):30–60.
    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
  44. ↵
    1. Rehavi M. Marit,
    2. Starr Sonja
    . 2014. “Racial Disparity in Federal Criminal Sentences”. Journal of Political Economy 122(6):1320–54.
    OpenUrlCrossRef
  45. ↵
    1. Snyder James,
    2. Strömberg David
    . 2010. “Press Coverage and Political Accountability”. Journal of Political Economy 118(2):355–408.
    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
    1. Stephens-Davidowitz Seth
    . 2013. “The Effects of Racial Animus on a Black Presidential Candidate: Using Google Search Data to Uncover What Traditional Surveys Miss.”
  46. ↵
    1. Streb Matthew,
    2. Frederick Brian
    . 2008. “Conditions for Competition in Low-Information Judicial Elections: The Case of Intermediate Appellate Court Elections.” Political Research Quarterly.
  47. ↵
    1. Sweeney Laura,
    2. Haney Craig
    . 1992. “The Influence of Race on Sentencing: A Meta-Analytic Review of Experimental Studies”. Behavioral Sciences and the Law 10(2):179–95.
    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
  48. ↵
    1. Swisher Keith
    . 2010. “Pro-Prosecution Judges: “Tough on Crime,” Soft on Strategy, Ripe for Disqualification”. Arizona Law Review 52 (2):317–93.
    OpenUrl
  49. ↵
    1. Tesler Michael,
    2. Sears David
    . 2010. Obama’s Race: The 2008 Election and the Dream of a Post-Racial America. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  50. ↵
    1. Weaver Vesla
    . 2007. “Frontlash: Race and the Development of Punitive Crime Policy”. Studies in American Political Development 21(2):230.
    OpenUrlWeb of Science
  51. ↵
    1. Weiss Joanna
    . 2006. “Tough on Crime: How Campaigns for State Judiciary Violate Criminal Defendants’ Due Process Rights.” N.Y.U. Law Review 81:1101.
    OpenUrl
  52. ↵
    1. Wuensch Karl,
    2. Campbell Matthew,
    3. Kesler Frederick,
    4. Moore Charles
    . 2002. “Racial Bias in Decisions Made by Mock Jurors Evaluating a Case of Sexual Harassment”. The Journal of Social Psychology 142(5):587–600.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
PreviousNext
Back to top

In this issue

Journal of Human Resources: 52 (4)
Journal of Human Resources
Vol. 52, Issue 4
2 Oct 2017
  • Table of Contents
  • Table of Contents (PDF)
  • Index by author
  • Back Matter (PDF)
  • Front Matter (PDF)
Print
Download PDF
Article Alerts
Sign In to Email Alerts with your Email Address
Email Article

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word on Journal of Human Resources.

NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address.

Enter multiple addresses on separate lines or separate them with commas.
The Impact of Judicial Elections in the Sentencing of Black Crime
(Your Name) has sent you a message from Journal of Human Resources
(Your Name) thought you would like to see the Journal of Human Resources web site.
Citation Tools
The Impact of Judicial Elections in the Sentencing of Black Crime
Kyung H. Park
Journal of Human Resources Oct 2017, 52 (4) 998-1031; DOI: 10.3368/jhr.52.4.0415-7057R1

Citation Manager Formats

  • BibTeX
  • Bookends
  • EasyBib
  • EndNote (tagged)
  • EndNote 8 (xml)
  • Medlars
  • Mendeley
  • Papers
  • RefWorks Tagged
  • Ref Manager
  • RIS
  • Zotero
Share
The Impact of Judicial Elections in the Sentencing of Black Crime
Kyung H. Park
Journal of Human Resources Oct 2017, 52 (4) 998-1031; DOI: 10.3368/jhr.52.4.0415-7057R1
Twitter logo Facebook logo Mendeley logo
  • Tweet Widget
  • Facebook Like
  • Google Plus One
Bookmark this article

Jump to section

  • Article
    • Abstract
    • I. Introduction
    • II. Related Literature
    • III. Institutional Background
    • IV. Data
    • V. Empirical Model
    • VI. Empirical Findings
    • VII. Conclusion
    • Acknowledgments
    • Footnotes
    • References
  • Figures & Data
  • Supplemental
  • Info & Metrics
  • References
  • PDF

Related Articles

  • Google Scholar

Cited By...

  • Disparities and Discrimination in Student Discipline by Race and Family Income
  • Google Scholar

More in this TOC Section

  • Schools as Safety Nets
  • What Can Trends in Emergency Department Visits Tell Us About Child Mental Health?
  • Commodity Revenue Shocks and Mortality
Show more Articles

Similar Articles

UW Press logo

© 2025 Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System

Powered by HighWire