Africa’s Skill Tragedy

References

1. ↵
   1. Altinok Nadir

   . 2013. “The Impact of Teacher Knowledge on Student Achievement in 14 Sub-Saharan African Countries.” Unpublished.
2. ↵
   1. Angrist Joshua D.,
   2. Krueger Alan B.

   1999. “Empirical Strategies in Labor Economics.” In Handbook of Labor Economics, Volume 3A, ed. Ashenfelter Orley, Card David, 1277–1366. Amsterdam: Elsevier.

   OpenUrlCrossRef
3. ↵
   1. Azam Mehtabul,
   2. Kingdon Geeta

   2015. “Assessing Teacher Quality in India.” Journal of Development Economics 117:74–83.

   OpenUrl
4. ↵
   1. Behrman Jere R

   . 2010. “Investment in Education: Inputs and Incentives.” In Handbook of Development Economics, Volume 5, ed. Rodrik Dani, Rosenzweig Mark, 4883–4975. Amsterdam: Elsevier.

   OpenUrl
5. ↵
   1. Behrman Jere R.,
   2. Ross David,
   3. Sabot Richard

   2008. “Improving Quality Versus Increasing the Quantity of Schooling: Estimates of Rates of Return from Rural Pakistan.” Journal of Development Economics 85(1–2):94–104.

   OpenUrlCrossRef
6. ↵
   1. Bellei Cristian

   . 2009. “Does Lengthening the School Day Increase Students’ Academic Achievement? Results from a Natural Experiment in Chile.” Economics of Education Review 28(5):629–40.

   OpenUrlCrossRef
7. ↵
   1. Bietenbeck Jan,
   2. Piopiunik Marc,
   3. Wiederhold Simon

   2015. “Africa’s Skill Tragedy: Does Teachers’ Lack of Knowledge Lead to Low Student Performance?” CESifo Working Paper No. 5470.
8. ↵
   1. Chetty Raj,
   2. Friedman John N.,
   3. Rockoff Jonah E.

   . 2014. “Measuring the Impacts of Teachers I: Evaluating Bias in Teacher Value-Added Estimates.” American Economic Review 104(9): 2593–632.

   OpenUrlCrossRef
9. ↵
   1. Clotfelter Charles T.,
   2. Ladd Helen F,
   3. Vigdor Jacob L.

   . 2006. “Teacher–Student Matching and the Assessment of Teacher Effectiveness.” Journal of Human Resources 41(4):778–820.

   OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
10. ↵
    1. Clotfelter Charles T.,
    2. Ladd Helen F,
    3. Vigdor Jacob L.

    . 2010. “Teacher Credentials and Student Achievement in High School: A Cross-Subject Analysis with Student Fixed Effects.” Journal of Human Resources 45(3):655–81.

    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
11. ↵
    1. Dee Thomas S

    . 2005. “A Teacher like Me: Does Race, Ethnicity, or Gender Matter?” American Economic Review, Papers and Proceedings 95(2):158–65.

    OpenUrl
12. ↵
    1. Dee Thomas S

    . 2007. “Teachers and the Gender Gaps in Student Achievement.” Journal of Human Resources 42(3):528–54.

    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
13. ↵
    1. de Ree Joppe,
    2. Muralidharan Karthik,
    3. Pradhan Menno,
    4. Rogers Halsey

    2015. “Double for Nothing? Experimental Evidence on the Impact of an Unconditional Teacher Salary Increase on Student Performance in Indonesia.” NBER Working Paper 21806. Cambridge, MA: NBER.
14. ↵
    1. Duflo Esther,
    2. Rema Hanna,
    3. Ryan Stephen P.

    . 2012. “Incentives Work: Getting Teachers to Come to School.” American Economic Review 102(4):1241–78.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
15. ↵
    1. Eide Eric,
    2. Goldhaber Dan,
    3. Brewer Dominic

    2004. “The Teacher Labour Market and Teacher Quality.” Oxford Review of Economic Policy 20(2):230–44.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
16. ↵
    1. Glewwe Paul,
    2. Hanushek Eric A,
    3. Humpage Sarah,
    4. Ravina Renato

    , 2013. “School Resources and Educational Outcomes in Developing Countries: A Review of the Literature from 1990 to 2010.” In Education Policy in Developing Countries, ed. Glewwe Paul, 13–64. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
17. ↵
    1. Glewwe Paul,
    2. Kremer Michael,
    3. Moulin Sylvie

    2009. “Many Children Left Behind? Textbooks and Test Scores in Kenya.” American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 1(1):112–35.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
18. ↵
    1. Glewwe Paul,
    2. Kremer Michael,
    3. Moulin Sylvie,
    4. Zitzewitz Eric

    2004. “Retrospective vs. Prospective Analyses of School Inputs: The Case of Flip Charts in Kenya.” Journal of Development Economics 74(1):251–68.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
19. ↵
    1. Goldhaber Dan

    . 2007. “Everyone’s It, But What Does Teacher Testing Tell Us about Teacher Effectiveness?” Journal of Human Resources 42(4):765–94.

    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
20. ↵
    1. Hanushek Eric A

    . 1986. “The Economics of Schooling: Production and Efficiency in Public Schools.” Journal of Economic Literature 24(3):1141–77.

    OpenUrlWeb of Science
21. ↵
    1. Hanushek Eric A.,
    2. Link Susanne,
    3. Woessmann Ludger

    2013. “Does School Autonomy Make Sense Everywhere? Panel Estimates from PISA.” Journal of Development Economics 104:212–32.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
22. ↵
    1. Hanushek Eric A.,
    2. Piopiunik Marc,
    3. Wiederhold Simon

    2016. “The Value of Smarter Teachers: International Evidence on Teacher Cognitive Skills and Student Performance.” NBER Working Paper 20727. Cambridge, MA: NBER.
23. ↵
    1. Hanushek Eric A.,
    2. Rivkin Steven G

    . 2006. “Teacher Quality.” In Handbook of the Economics of Education, Volume 2, ed. Hanushek Eric A., Welch Finis, 1051–1078. Amsterdam: Elsevier.

    OpenUrl
24. ↵
    1. Hanushek Eric A.,
    2. Woessmann Ludger

    2012. “Do Better Schools Lead to More Growth? Cognitive Skills, Economic Outcomes, and Causation.” Journal of Economic Growth 17 (4):267–321.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
25. ↵
    1. Harris Douglas,
    2. Sass Tim R.

    . 2006. “Value-Added Models and the Measurement of Teacher Quality.” Unpublished.
26. ↵
    1. Hein Christopher F.,
    2. Allen Rebecca

    2013. “Teacher Quality in Sub-Saharan Africa: Pupil-fixed Effects Estimates for Twelve Countries.” DoQSS Working Paper 13-08. London: Department of Quantitative Social Science, University College London.
27. ↵
    1. Heyneman Stephen P.,
    2. Jamison Dean T,
    3. Montenegro Xenia

    . 1984. “Textbooks in the Philippines: Evaluation of the Pedagogical Impact of Nationwide Investment.” Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis 6(2):139–50.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
28. ↵
    IEQ. 2000. “What Happened to the Teachers? Follow-Up on Teacher Mobility in Two Malawi Districts.” Improving Educational Quality. Washington, DC: American Institutes for Research, in collaboration with Academy for Educational Development, Education Development Center, Inc., Juárez and Associates, Inc., and University of Pittsburgh.
29. ↵
    1. Jackson C Kirabo,
    2. Rockoff Jonah E.,
    3. Staiger Douglas O

    . 2014. “Teacher Effects and Teacher-Related Policies.” Annual Review of Economics 6(1):801–25.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
30. ↵
    1. Lavy Victor

    . 2012. “Expanding School Resources and Increasing Time on Task: Effects of a Policy Experiment in Israel on Student Academic Achievement and Behavior.” NBER Working Paper 18369. Cambridge, MA: NBER.
31. ↵
    1. Lavy Victor

    . 2015. “Do Differences in Schools’ Instruction Time Explain International Achievement Gaps? Evidence from Developed and Developing Countries.” Economic Journal 125:F397– F424.

    OpenUrl
32. ↵
    1. Marshall Jeffery H

    . 2009. “School Quality and Learning Gains in Rural Guatemala.” Economics of Education Review 28(2):207–16.

    OpenUrl
33. ↵
    1. Metzler Johannes,
    2. Woessmann Ludger

    2010. “The Impact of Teacher Subject Knowledge on Student Achievement: Evidence from Within-Teacher Within-Student Variation.” IZA Discussion Paper 4999.
34. ↵
    1. Metzler Johannes,
    2. Woessmann Ludger

    2012. “The Impact of Teacher Subject Knowledge on Student Achievement: Evidence from Within-Teacher Within-Student Variation.” Journal of Development Economics 99 (2):486–96.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
35. ↵
    1. Mulkeen Aidan,
    2. Chapman David W,
    3. DeJaeghere Joan G.,
    4. Leu Elizabeth

    . 2007. “Recruiting, Retaining, and Retraining Secondary School Teachers and Principals in Sub-Saharan Africa.” World Bank Working Paper 99. Washington, DC: World Bank Group.
36. ↵
    1. Muralidharan Karthik,
    2. Sundararaman Venkatesh

    2011. “Teacher Performance Pay: Experimental Evidence from India.” Journal of Political Economy 119(1):39–77.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
37. ↵
    1. Murnane Richard J.,
    2. Ganimian Alejandro J

    . 2014. “Improving Educational Outcomes in Developing Countries: Lessons from Rigorous Evaluations.” NBER Working Paper 20284. Cambridge, MA: NBER.
38. ↵
    1. Rockoff Jonah E.,
    2. Jacob Brian A,
    3. Kane Thomas J.,
    4. Staiger Douglas O.

    . 2011. “Can You Recognize an Effective Teacher When You Recruit One?” Education Finance and Policy 6(1):43–74.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
39. ↵
    1. Sabarwal Shwetlena,
    2. Evans David,
    3. Marshak Anastasia

    2014. “The Permanent Input Hypothesis: The Case of Textbooks and (No) Student Learning in Sierra Leone.” Policy Research Working Paper 7021. Washington, DC: World Bank Group.
40. ↵
    1. Santibañez Lucrecia

    . 2006. “Why We Should Care if Teachers Get A’s: Teacher Test Scores and Student Achievement in Mexico.” Economics of Education Review 25(5):510–20.

    OpenUrl
41. ↵
    1. Shepherd Deborah L

    . 2015. “Learn to Teach, Teach to Learn: A Within-Pupil Across-Subject Approach to Estimating the Impact of Teacher Subject Knowledge on South African Grade 6 Performance.” Stellenbosch Economic Working Papers 01/15. Stellenbosch: University of Stellenbosch.
42. ↵
    1. Solon Gary,
    2. Haider Steven J,
    3. Wooldridge Jeffrey M.

    . 2015. “What Are We Weighting For?” Journal of Human Resources 50(2):301–16.

    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text