The Impacts of Restricting Mobility of Skilled Service Workers

References

1. 1. Abowd John,
   2. Kramarz F.,
   3. Margolis D.

   1999. “High Wage Workers and High Wage Firms.” Econometrica 67(2):251–333.

   OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
2. 1. Acemoglu D.,
   2. Pischke J.S.

   1999. “The Structure of Wages and Investment in General Training.” Journal of Political Economy 107(3):539–72.

   OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
3. 1. Altonji J.,
   2. Williams N.

   2005. “Do Wages Rise with Job Seniority? A Reassessment.” Industrial and Labor Relations Review 58(3):370–97.

   OpenUrlCrossRef
4. 1. American Medical Association

   . 1998. “Code of Medical Ethics, Section Opinion 9.02 Restrictive Covenants and the Practice of Medicine.” https://web.archive.org/web/20100703071533/http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/physician-resources/medical-ethics/code-medical-ethics/opinion902.shtml (accessed June 9, 2010).
5. 1. Becker Gary

   . 1962. “Investment in Human Capital.” Journal of Political Economy 70(5, Part 2):9–49.

   OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
6. 1. Bishara Norman

   . 2011. “Fifty Ways to Leave Your Employer: Relative Enforcement of Non-compete Agreements, Trends, and Implications for Employee Mobility Policy.” University of Pennsylvania Journal of Business Law 13(3):751–95.

   OpenUrl
7. 1. Bloom Nick,
   2. Van Reenen J.

   2010. “Human Resource Management and Productivity.” In Handbook of Labor Economics, Volume 4, Part B, ed. Ashenfelter Orley, Card David, 1697–767. New York: Elsevier.

   OpenUrl
8. 1. Cameron C.,
   2. Gelbach J.,
   3. Miller D.

   2008. “Bootstrap-Based Improvements for Inference with Clustered Errors.” The Review of Economics and Statistics 90(3):414–27.

   OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
9. 1. Choudhry Niteesh,
   2. Fletcher R.,
   3. Soumerai S.

   2005. “Systematic Review: The Relationship between Clinical Experience and Quality of Health Care.” Annals of Internal Medicine 142(4):260–73.

   OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
10. 1. Clemens Jeffrey,
    2. Gottlieb Joshua

    . 2014. “Do Physicians’ Financial Incentives Affect Medical Treatment and Patient Health?” The American Economic Review 104(4):1320–49.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
11. 1. Ellis Randall,
    2. McGuire Thomas

    . 1986. “Provider Behavior under Prospective Reimbursement.” Journal of Health Economics 5(2):129–51.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
12. 1. Fallick Bruce,
    2. Fleishman Charles,
    3. Rebitzer James

    . 2006. “Job-Hopping in Silicon Valley: Some Evidence Concerning the Microfoundations of a High-Technology Cluster.” Review of Economics and Statistics 88(3):472–83.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
13. 1. Garmaise M.

    2011. “Ties that Truly Bind: Non-Competition Agreements, Executive Compensation, and Firm Investment.” Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization 27(2):376–425.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
14. 1. Gaynor M.,
    2. Gertler P.

    1995. “Moral Hazard and Risk Spreading in Partnerships.” RAND Journal of Economics 26(4):591–613.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
15. 1. Gilson R.

    1999. “The Legal Infrastructure of High Technology Industrial Districts: Silicon Valley, Route 128, and Covenants Not to Compete.” New York University Law Review 74(3):575–629.

    OpenUrlWeb of Science
16. 1. Grossman Sanford,
    2. Hart Oliver

    . 1986. “The Costs and Benefits of Ownership: A Theory of Vertical and Lateral Integration.” Journal of Political Economy 94(4):691–719.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
17. 1. Hausman N.,
    2. Lavetti Kurt

    . 2019. “Physician Practice Organization and Negotiated Prices: Evidence from State Law Changes.” American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, forthcoming.
18. 1. Kiefer N.M.,
    2. Lundberg Shelly,
    3. Neumann George

    . 1985. “How Long is a Spell of Unemployment? Illusions and Biases in the Use of CPS Data.” Journal of Business and Economic Statistics 3(2):118–28.

    OpenUrl
19. 1. Lazear Edward P.

    1979. “Why Is There Mandatory Retirement?” Journal of Political Economy 87(6):1261–84.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
20. 1. Ligos M.

    2000. “Job Contract with Noncompete Teeth.” New York Times, November 1. http://www.nytimes.com/2000/11/01/jobs/job-contracts-with-noncompete-teeth.html?scp=1&sq=job%20contracts%20with%20noncompete%20teeth&st=cse (accessed November 14, 2019).
21. 1. Malsberger B.M.,
    2. Blackstone R.A.,
    3. Pedowitz A.H.

    2006. Covenants Not To Compete: A State-by-State Survey. Arlington, VA: BNA Books.
22. 1. Marx Matt

    . 2011. “The Firm Strikes Back: Non-Compete Agreements and the Mobility of Technical Professionals.” American Sociological Review 76(5):695–712.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
23. 1. Marx M.,
    2. Strumsky D.,
    3. Fleming L.

    2009. “Mobility, Skills, and the Michigan Non-Compete Experiment.” Management Science 55(6):875–89.

    OpenUrl
24. 1. Nevos Ian,
    2. Waldman Michael

    . 1997. “Returns to Tenure: Conceptual and Empirical Issues.” Eastern Economic Journal 23(3):337–46.

    OpenUrl
25. 1. Olson Eugene E.,
    2. Stanley Kay

    . 2004. Physician Recruitment and Employment: A Complete Reference Guide. Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett Publishers.
26. 1. Rebitzer James,
    2. Taylor Lowell

    . 2007. “When Knowledge Is an Asset: Explaining the Organizational Structure of Large Law Firms.” Journal of Labor Economics 25(2):201–29.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
27. 1. Rosen S.

    1974. “Hedonic Prices and Implicit Markets: Product Differentiation in Pure Competition.” Journal of Political Economy 82(1):34–55.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
28. 1. Shankar Kameshwari,
    2. Ghosh Suman

    . 2013. “A Theory of Worker Turnover and Knowledge Transfer in High-Technology Industries.” Journal of Human Capital 7(2):107–29.

    OpenUrl
29. 1. Shortell S.

    1972. “A Model of Physician Referral Behavior: A Test of Exchange Theory in Medical Practice.” Research Series 31. Chicago: Center for Health Administration Studies, University of Chicago.
30. 1. Sorrel A.L.

    2008. “Kansas Court Enforces Noncompete Clause.” American Medical News, August 4. http://www.ama-assn.org/amednews/2008/08/04/prsa0804.htm (accessed June 13, 2010).
31. 1. Starr Evan

    . 2015. “Consider This: Firm-Sponsored Training and the Enforceability of Covenants Not to Compete.” Unpublished.
32. 1. Starr Evan,
    2. Prescott J.J.,
    3. Bishara Norman

    . 2019. “Noncompetes in the US Labor Force.” Working Paper.
33. 1. Topel R.

    1991. “Specific Capital, Mobility, and Wages: Wages Rise with Job Seniority.” Journal of Political Economy 99(1):145–76.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
34. 1. U.S. Department of the Treasury

    . 2016. “Non-Compete Contracts: Economic Effects and Policy Implications.” White Paper. https://www.treasury.gov/resource-center/economic-policy/Documents/UST%20Non-competes%20Report.pdf (accessed November 14, 2019).
35. 1. Veloski J.,
    2. Tai S.,
    3. Evans A.,
    4. Nash D.

    2005. “Clinical Vignette-Based Surveys: A Tool for Assessing Physician Practice Variation.” American Journal of Medical Quality 20(3):151–57.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
36. 1. Wilson B.

    2006. “Location, Location, Location: The Geographic Facts about Noncompete Clauses.” American Medical News, January 30. http://www.ama-assn.org/amednews/2006/01/30/prsa0130.htm (accessed November 14, 2019).
37. 1. Yett Donald,
    2. Sloan Frank A.

    1974. “Migration Patterns of Recent Medical School Graduates.” Inquiry 11(2):125–42.

    OpenUrlPubMed
38. 1. Zuckerman S.,
    2. Williams A.,
    3. Stockley K.

    2009. “Trends in Medicaid Physician Fees, 2003– 2008.” Health Affairs 28(3):w510–w519.

    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text