Skip to main content

Main menu

  • Home
  • Content
    • Current
    • Ahead of print
    • Archive
    • Supplementary Material
  • Info for
    • Authors
    • Subscribers
    • Institutions
    • Advertisers
  • About Us
    • About Us
    • Editorial Board
  • Connect
    • Feedback
    • Help
    • Request JHR at your library
  • Alerts
  • Call for Editor
  • Free Issue
  • Special Issue
  • Other Publications
    • UWP

User menu

  • Register
  • Subscribe
  • My alerts
  • Log in
  • My Cart

Search

  • Advanced search
Journal of Human Resources
  • Other Publications
    • UWP
  • Register
  • Subscribe
  • My alerts
  • Log in
  • My Cart
Journal of Human Resources

Advanced Search

  • Home
  • Content
    • Current
    • Ahead of print
    • Archive
    • Supplementary Material
  • Info for
    • Authors
    • Subscribers
    • Institutions
    • Advertisers
  • About Us
    • About Us
    • Editorial Board
  • Connect
    • Feedback
    • Help
    • Request JHR at your library
  • Alerts
  • Call for Editor
  • Free Issue
  • Special Issue
  • Follow uwp on Twitter
  • Follow JHR on Bluesky
Research ArticleArticles
Open Access

The Long-Run Effects of Cesarean Sections

View ORCID ProfileAna Costa-Ramón, View ORCID ProfileMika Kortelainen, View ORCID ProfileAna Rodríguez-González and View ORCID ProfileLauri Sääksvuori
Journal of Human Resources, November 2022, 57 (6) 2048-2085; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3368/jhr.58.2.0719-10334R1
Ana Costa-Ramón
Ana Costa-Ramón is an Assistant Professor at the Department of Economics at the University of Zurich and at the Jacobs Center for Productive Youth Development.
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • ORCID record for Ana Costa-Ramón
Mika Kortelainen
Mika Kortelainen is a Professor of Health Economics at the University of Turku and Chief Researcher at the VATT Institute for Economic Research.
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • ORCID record for Mika Kortelainen
Ana Rodríguez-González
Ana Rodríguez-González is an Assistant Professor at the Department of Economics at Lund University ().
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • ORCID record for Ana Rodríguez-González
  • For correspondence: ana.rodriguez_gonzalez{at}nek.lu.se
Lauri Sääksvuori
Lauri Sääksvuori is an Academy of Finland Research Fellow at the Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare and Professor of Practice at the University of Turku.
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • ORCID record for Lauri Sääksvuori
  • Article
  • Figures & Data
  • Supplemental
  • Info & Metrics
  • References
  • PDF
Loading

References

  1. ↵
    1. Aizer, Anna,
    2. Laura Stroud, and
    3. Stephen Buka
    . 2016. “Maternal Stress and Child Outcomes: Evidence from Siblings.” Journal of Human Resources 51(3):523–55.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  2. ↵
    1. Almond, Douglas,
    2. Janet Currie, and
    3. Valentina Duque
    . 2018. “Childhood Circumstances and Adult Outcomes: Act II.” Journal of Economic Literature 56(4):1360–446.
    OpenUrl
  3. ↵
    1. Almond, Douglas,
    2. Lena, Edlund and
    3. Mårten Palme
    . 2009. “Chernobyl’s Subclinical Legacy: Prenatal Exposure to Radioactive Fallout and School Outcomes in Sweden.” Quarterly Journal of Economics 124(4):1729–72.
    OpenUrlCrossRef
  4. ↵
    1. Almqvist, C.,
    2. S. Cnattingius,
    3. P. Lichtenstein, and
    4. C. Lundholm
    . 2012. “The Impact of Birth Mode of Delivery on Childhood Asthma and Allergic Diseases—A Sibling Study.” Clinical & Experimental Allergy 42(9):1369–76.
    OpenUrl
  5. ↵
    American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. 2010. “ACOG Practice Bulletin 115: Vaginal Birth after Previous Cesarean Delivery.” Obstetrics and Gynecology 116(2):450–63.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  6. ↵
    1. Angrist, Joshua, and
    2. Jorn-Steffen Pischke
    . 2009. Mostly Harmless Econometrics: An Empiricist’s Companion. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
  7. ↵
    1. Arrow, Kenneth J.
    1963. “Uncertainty and the Welfare Economics of Medical Care.” American Economic Review 53(5):941–73.
    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
  8. ↵
    1. Bager, P.,
    2. J. Wohlfahrt, and
    3. T. Westergaard
    . 2008. “Caesarean Delivery and Risk of Atopy and Allergic Disease: Meta-Analyses.” Clinical & Experimental Allergy 38(4):634–42.
    OpenUrl
  9. ↵
    1. Barber, E.L.,
    2. L.S. Lundsberg,
    3. K. Belanger,
    4. C.M. Pettker,
    5. E.F. Funai, and
    6. J.L. Illuzzi
    . 2011. “Indications Contributing to the Increasing Cesarean Delivery Rate.” Obstetrics and Gynecology 118(1):29–38.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  10. ↵
    1. Bentley, J.P.,
    2. C.L. Roberts,
    3. J.R. Bowen,
    4. A.J. Martin,
    5. J.M. Morris, and
    6. N. Nassar
    . 2016. “Planned Birth before 39 Weeks and Child Development: A Population-Based Study.” Pediatrics 138(6):e20162002–e20162002.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  11. ↵
    1. Bhattacharya, Jay,
    2. Dana Goldman, and
    3. Daniel McCaffrey
    . 2006. “Estimating Probit Models with Self-Selected Treatments.” Statistics in Medicine 25(3):389–413.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  12. ↵
    1. Black, Sandra E.,
    2. Sanni Breining,
    3. David N. Figlio,
    4. Jonathan Guryan,
    5. Krzysztof Karbownik,
    6. Helena Skyt Nielsen,
    7. Jeffrey Roth, and
    8. Marianne Simonsen
    . 2017. “Sibling Spillovers.” NBER Working Paper 23062. Cambridge, MA: NBER.
  13. ↵
    1. Blustein, Jan, and
    2. Jianmeng Liu
    . 2015. “Time to Consider the Risks of Caesarean Delivery for Long Term Child Health.” BMJ 350:h2410.
    OpenUrlFREE Full Text
  14. ↵
    1. Boerma, Ties,
    2. Carine Ronsmans,
    3. Dessalegn Y. Melesse,
    4. Aluisio J.D. Barros,
    5. Fernando C. Barros,
    6. Liang Juan,
    7. Ann Beth Moller,
    8. Lale Say,
    9. Ahmad Reza Hosseinpoor,
    10. Mu Yi,
    11. Dácio de Lyra Rabello Neto, and
    12. Marleen Temmerman
    . 2018. “Global Epidemiology of Use of and Disparities in Caesarean Sections.” Lancet 392(10155):1341–48.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  15. ↵
    1. Brown, H. Shelton.
    1996. “Physician Demand for Leisure: Implications for Cesarean Section Rates.” Journal of Health Economics 15(2):233–42.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  16. ↵
    1. Card, David,
    2. Alessandra Fenizia, and
    3. David Silver
    . 2019. “The Impacts of Hospital Delivery Practices on Infant Health.” NBER Working Paper 25986. Cambridge, MA: NBER.
  17. ↵
    1. Cardwell, C.R.,
    2. L.C. Stene,
    3. G. Joner,
    4. O. Cinek,
    5. J. Svensson,
    6. M.J. Goldacre,
    7. R.C. Parslow,
    8. P. Pozzilli,
    9. G. Brigis,
    10. D. Stoyanov,
    11. B. Urbonaité,
    12. S. Šipetić,
    13. E. Schober,
    14. C. Ionescu-Tirgoviste,
    15. G. Devoti,
    16. C. E. de Beaufort,
    17. K. Buschard, and
    18. C.C. Patterson
    . 2008. “Caesarean Section Is Associated with an Increased Risk of Childhood-Onset Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.” Diabetologia 51(5):726–35.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  18. ↵
    1. Chiburis, Richard C.,
    2. Jishnu Das, and
    3. Michael Lokshin
    . 2012. “A Practical Comparison of the Bivariate Probit and Linear IV Estimators.” Economics Letters 117(3):762–66.
    OpenUrlCrossRef
  19. ↵
    1. Clarke, Damian.
    2016. “RWOLF: Stata Module to Calculate Romano–Wolf Stepdown p-Values for Multiple Hypothesis Testing.” Statistical Software Components S458276. Boston: Boston College Department of Economics.
  20. ↵
    1. Clarke, D.,
    2. J.P. Romano, and
    3. M. Wolf
    . 2020. “The Romano–Wolf Multiple-Hypothesis Correction in Stata.” Stata Journal 20(4):812–43.
    OpenUrl
  21. ↵
    1. Collado, Maria Carmen,
    2. Samuli Rautava,
    3. Erika Isolauri, and
    4. Seppo Salminen
    . 2015. “Gut Microbiota: A Source of Novel Tools to Reduce the Risk of Human Disease?” Pediatric Research 77:182–88.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  22. ↵
    1. Costa-Ramón, Ana María,
    2. Ana Rodríguez-González,
    3. Miquel Serra-Burriel, and
    4. Carlos Campillo-Artero
    . 2018. “It’s about Time: Cesarean Sections and Neonatal Health.” Journal of Health Economics 59:46–59.
    OpenUrl
  23. ↵
    1. Currie, Janet, and
    2. W. Bentley Macleod
    . 2017. “Diagnosing Expertise: Human Capital, Decision Making, and Performance among Physicians.” Journal of Labor Economics 35(1):1–43.
    OpenUrl
  24. ↵
    1. Darabi, Behzad,
    2. Shoboo Rahmati,
    3. Mohammad Reza HafeziAhmadi,
    4. Gholamreza Badfar, and
    5. Milad Azami
    . 2019. “The Association between Caesarean Section and Childhood Asthma: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.” Allergy, Asthma & Clinical Immunology 15(1):62.
    OpenUrl
  25. ↵
    1. Dominguez-Bello, Maria G.,
    2. Kassandra M. De Jesus-Laboy,
    3. Nan Shen,
    4. Laura M. Cox,
    5. Amnon Amir,
    6. Antonio Gonzalez,
    7. Nicholas A. Bokulich,
    8. Se Jin Song,
    9. Juana I. Rivera-Vina,
    10. Keimari Mendez,
    11. Rob Knight, and
    12. Jose C. Clemente
    . 2016. “Partial Restoration of the Microbiota of Cesarean-Born Infants via Vaginal Microbial Transfer.” Nature Medicine 22(3):250–53.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  26. ↵
    1. Drucker, Aaron M.,
    2. Annie R. Wang,
    3. Wen Qing Li,
    4. Erika Sevetson,
    5. Julie K. Block, and
    6. Abrar A. Qureshi
    . 2017. “The Burden of Atopic Dermatitis: Summary of a Report for the National Eczema Association.” Journal of Investigative Dermatology 137(1):26–30.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  27. ↵
    1. Evans, M.I.,
    2. D.A. Richardson,
    3. J.S. Sholl, and
    4. B.A. Johnson
    . 1984. “Cesarean Section. Assessment of the Convenience Factor.” Journal of Reproductive Medicine 29(9):670–76.
    OpenUrlPubMedWeb of Science
  28. ↵
    1. Finkelstein, E.A.,
    2. W.C.K. Graham, and
    3. R. Malhotra
    . 2014. “Lifetime Direct Medical Costs of Childhood Obesity.” Pediatrics 133(5):854–62.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  29. ↵
    Finnish Medical Association. 2016. “Physicians in Finland, Statistics on Physicians and the Health Care System 2016.” Finnish Medical Association https://www.laakariliitto.fi/site/assets/files/5223/ll16_tilasto2016_net1_170114.pdf (accessed April 14, 2022).
  30. ↵
    1. Fraser, William,
    2. Robert H. Usher,
    3. Frances H. McLean,
    4. Carol Bossenberry,
    5. Mary Ellen Thomson,
    6. Michael S. Kramer,
    7. L. Paul Smith, and
    8. Hugh Power
    . 1987. “Temporal Variation in Rates of Cesarean Section for Dystocia: Does ‘Convenience’ Play a Role?” American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 156(2):300–304.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  31. ↵
    Global Asthma Network. 2018. The Global Asthma Report 2018. Auckland, New Zealand: Global Asthma Network.
  32. ↵
    1. Gruber, Jonathan, and
    2. Maria Owings
    . 1996. “Physician Financial Incentives and Cesarean Section Delivery.” RAND Journal of Economics 27(1):99–123.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  33. ↵
    1. Halla, Martin,
    2. Harald Mayr,
    3. Gerald J. Pruckner, and
    4. Pilar Garcia-Gomez
    . 2020. “Cutting Fertility? The Effect of Cesarean Deliveries on Subsequent Fertility and Maternal Labor Supply.” Journal of Health Economics 72:102325.
    OpenUrl
  34. ↵
    1. Hannah, Mary E.,
    2. Walter J. Hannah,
    3. Sheila A. Hewson,
    4. Ellen D. Hodnett,
    5. Saroj Saigal,
    6. Andrew R. Willan, and Term Breech Trial Collaborative
    . 2000. “Planned Caesarean Section versus Planned Vaginal Birth for Breech Presentation at Term: A Randomised Multicentre Trial.” Lancet 356(9239):1375–83.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  35. ↵
    1. Harjutsalo, V.
    2008. “Time Trends in the Incidence of Type 1 Diabetes in Finnish Children: A Cohort Study.” Lancet 371(9626):1777–82.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  36. ↵
    1. Hyde, Matthew James, and
    2. Neena Modi
    . 2012. “The Long-Term Effects of Birth by Caesarean Section: The Case for a Randomised Controlled Trial.” Early Human Development 88(12): 943–49.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  37. ↵
    1. Hyde, Matthew J.,
    2. Alison Mostyn,
    3. Neena Modi, and
    4. Paul R. Kemp
    . 2012. “The Health Implications of Birth by Caesarean section.” Biological Reviews 87(1):229–43.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  38. ↵
    1. Jachetta, Christine.
    2015. “Cesarean Sections and Later Health Outcomes.” Unpublished.
  39. ↵
    1. Jensen, Vibeke Myrup, and
    2. Miriam Wüst
    . 2015. “Can Caesarean Section Improve Child and Maternal Health? The Case of Breech Babies.” Journal of Health Economics 39: 289–302.
    OpenUrl
  40. ↵
    1. Johnson, Erin M., and
    2. M. Marit Rehavi
    . 2016. “Physicians Treating Physicians: Information and Incentives in Childbirth.” American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 8(1):115–41.
    OpenUrl
  41. ↵
    1. Keag, Oonagh E.,
    2. Jane E. Norman, and
    3. Sarah J. Stock
    . 2018. “Long-Term Risks and Benefits Associated with Cesarean Delivery for Mother, Baby, and Subsequent Pregnancies: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.” PLOS Medicine 15(1):1–22.
    OpenUrl
  42. ↵
    1. Kuhle, Stefan,
    2. Sara F.L. Kirk,
    3. Arto Ohinmaa, and
    4. Paul J. Veugelers
    . 2011. “Comparison of ICD Code-Based Diagnosis of Obesity with Measured Obesity in Children and the Implications for Health Care Cost Estimates.” BMC Medical Research Methodology 11:173.
    OpenUrl
  43. ↵
    1. Kwek, Kenneth, and
    2. George S.H. Yeo
    . 2006. “Shoulder Dystocia and Injuries: Prevention and Management.” Current Opinion in Obstetrics and Gynecology 18(2):123–28.
    OpenUrl
  44. ↵
    1. Li, H.T.,
    2. Y.B. Zhou, and
    3. J.M. Liu
    . 2013. “The Impact of Cesarean Section on Offspring Overweight and Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.” International Journal of Obesity 37(7):893–99.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  45. ↵
    1. Lobstein, T.,
    2. L. Baur, and
    3. R. Uauy
    . 2004. “Obesity in Children and Young People: A Crisis in Public Health.” Obesity Reviews 5(S1):4–85.
    OpenUrl
  46. ↵
    1. McCloskey, L.,
    2. D.B. Petitti, and
    3. C. J. Hobel
    . 1992. “Variations in the Use of Cesarean Delivery for Dystocia: Lessons about the Source of Care.” Medical Care 30(2):126–135.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  47. ↵
    1. Mishanina, Ekaterina,
    2. Ewelina Rogozinska,
    3. Tej Thatthi,
    4. Rehan Uddin-Khan,
    5. Khalid S. Khan, and
    6. Catherine Meads
    . 2014. “Use of Labour Induction and Risk of Cesarean Delivery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.” Canadian Medical Association Journal 186(9):665–73.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  48. ↵
    1. Mühlrad, Hanna.
    2017. “Cesarean Section for High-Risk Births: Short Term Consequences for Breech Births.” Unpublished.
  49. ↵
    1. Neu, Josef, and
    2. Jona Rushing
    . 2011. “Cesarean Versus Vaginal Delivery: Long-Term Infant Outcomes and the Hygiene Hypothesis.” Clinics in Perinatology 38(2):321–31.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  50. ↵
    NICE. 2011. “Cesarean Section.” National Institute for Health and Care Excellence NICE Clinical Guideline CG190. https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg132/chapter/1-guidance (accessed April 14, 2022).
  51. ↵
    NICE. 2014. “Intrapartum Care for Healthy Women and Babies.” National Institute for Health and Care Excellence NICE Guideline CG190.
  52. ↵
    1. Nielsen, Helena Skyt,
    2. Nina Smith, and
    3. Aycan Çelikaksoy
    . 2009. “The Effect of Marriage on Education of Immigrants: Evidence from a Policy reform Restricting Marriage Migration.” Scandinavian Journal of Economics 111(3):457–86.
    OpenUrl
  53. ↵
    OECD. 2013. Health at a Glance 2013: OECD Indicators. Paris: OECD Publishing.
  54. ↵
    OECD. 2017. Health at a Glance 2017: OECD Indicators. Paris: OECD Publishing.
  55. ↵
    1. Oreopoulos, P.,
    2. M. Stabile,
    3. R. Walld, and
    4. L.L. Roos
    . 2008. “Short-, Medium-, and Long-Term Consequences of Poor Infant Health: An Analysis Using Siblings and Twins.” Journal of Human Resources 43:88–138.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  56. ↵
    1. Ovaskainen, Katja,
    2. Riitta Ojala,
    3. Kati Tihtonen,
    4. Mika Gissler,
    5. Tiina Luukkaala, and
    6. Outi Tammela
    . 2019. “Planned Home Deliveries in Finland, 1996-2013.” Journal of Perinatology 39(2):220–28.
    OpenUrl
  57. ↵
    1. Peters, Lilian L.,
    2. Charlene Thornton,
    3. Ank de Jonge,
    4. Ali Khashan,
    5. Mark Tracy,
    6. Soo Downe,
    7. Esther I. Feijen-de Jong, and
    8. Hannah G. Dahlen
    . 2018. “The Effect of Medical and Operative Birth Interventions on Child Health Outcomes in the First 28 Days and up to 5 Years of Age: A Linked Data Population-Based Cohort Study.” Birth 45(4):347–357.
    OpenUrl
  58. ↵
    1. Politi, Salvatore,
    2. Laura D’emidio,
    3. Pietro Cignini,
    4. Maurizio Giorlandino, and
    5. Claudio Giorlandino
    . 2010. “Shoulder Dystocia: An Evidence-Based Approach.” Journal of Prenatal Medicine 4(3):35–42.
    OpenUrl
  59. ↵
    1. Prior, Emily,
    2. Shalini Santhakumaran,
    3. Chris Gale,
    4. Lara H. Philipps,
    5. Neena Modi, and
    6. Matthew J. Hyde
    . 2012. “Breastfeeding after Cesarean Delivery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of World Literature.” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 95(5):1113–35.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  60. ↵
    1. Reed, Shelby D.,
    2. Todd A. Lee, and
    3. Douglas C. McCrory
    . 2004. “The Economic Burden of Allergic Rhinitis.” PharmacoEconomics 22(6):345–361.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  61. ↵
    1. Saccone, Gabriele, and
    2. Vincenzo Berghella
    . 2015. “Induction of Labor at Full Term in Uncomplicated Singleton Gestations: A Systematic Review and Metaanalysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.” American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 213(5):629–36.
    OpenUrl
  62. ↵
    1. Scudellari, Megan.
    2017. “News Feature: Cleaning up the Hygiene Hypothesis.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114(7):1433–36.
    OpenUrlFREE Full Text
  63. ↵
    1. Stock, James, and
    2. Motohiro Yogo
    . 2005. “Testing for Weak Instruments in Linear IV Regression.” In Identification and Inference for Econometric Models, ed. Donald W.K. Andrews, 80–108. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  64. ↵
    1. Strachan, D.P.
    1989. “Hay Fever, Hygiene, and Household Size.” BMJ 299(6710):1259–60.
    OpenUrlFREE Full Text
  65. ↵
    1. Sund, Reijo.
    2012. “Quality of the Finnish Hospital Discharge Register: A Systematic Review.” Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 40(6):505–15.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  66. ↵
    1. Tao, Betty,
    2. Massimo Pietropaolo,
    3. Mark Atkinson,
    4. Desmond Schatz, and
    5. David Taylor
    . 2010. “Estimating the Cost of Type 1 Diabetes in the U.S.: A Propensity Score Matching Method.” PLoS ONE 5(7).
  67. ↵
    1. Thavagnanam, S.,
    2. J. Fleming,
    3. A. Bromley,
    4. M.D. Shields, and
    5. C.R. Cardwell
    . 2008. “A Meta-Analysis of the Association between Caesarean Section and Childhood Asthma.” Clinical & Experimental Allergy 38(4):629–33.
    OpenUrl
  68. ↵
    1. Tonei, Valentina.
    2019. “Mother’s Mental Health after Childbirth: Does the Delivery Method Matter?” Journal of Health Economics 63:182–96.
    OpenUrl
  69. ↵
    1. Torpy, Janet M.
    2010. “Chronic Diseases of Children.” JAMA 303(7):682.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  70. ↵
    1. Tuomisto, L.E.,
    2. M. Erhola,
    3. T. Luukkaala,
    4. H. Puolijoki,
    5. M.M. Nieminen, and
    6. M. Kaila
    . 2010. “Asthma Programme in Finland: Did the Use of Secondary Care Resources Become More Rational?” Respiratory Medicine 104(7):957–65.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
PreviousNext
Back to top

In this issue

Journal of Human Resources: 57 (6)
Journal of Human Resources
Vol. 57, Issue 6
1 Nov 2022
  • Table of Contents
  • Table of Contents (PDF)
  • Index by author
  • Back Matter (PDF)
  • Front Matter (PDF)
Print
Download PDF
Article Alerts
Sign In to Email Alerts with your Email Address
Email Article

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word on Journal of Human Resources.

NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address.

Enter multiple addresses on separate lines or separate them with commas.
The Long-Run Effects of Cesarean Sections
(Your Name) has sent you a message from Journal of Human Resources
(Your Name) thought you would like to see the Journal of Human Resources web site.
Citation Tools
The Long-Run Effects of Cesarean Sections
Ana Costa-Ramón, Mika Kortelainen, Ana Rodríguez-González, Lauri Sääksvuori
Journal of Human Resources Nov 2022, 57 (6) 2048-2085; DOI: 10.3368/jhr.58.2.0719-10334R1

Citation Manager Formats

  • BibTeX
  • Bookends
  • EasyBib
  • EndNote (tagged)
  • EndNote 8 (xml)
  • Medlars
  • Mendeley
  • Papers
  • RefWorks Tagged
  • Ref Manager
  • RIS
  • Zotero
Share
The Long-Run Effects of Cesarean Sections
Ana Costa-Ramón, Mika Kortelainen, Ana Rodríguez-González, Lauri Sääksvuori
Journal of Human Resources Nov 2022, 57 (6) 2048-2085; DOI: 10.3368/jhr.58.2.0719-10334R1
Twitter logo Facebook logo Mendeley logo
  • Tweet Widget
  • Facebook Like
  • Google Plus One
Bookmark this article

Jump to section

  • Article
    • ABSTRACT
    • I. Introduction
    • II. Background
    • III. Data and Methods
    • IV. Results
    • V. Validity Checks
    • VI. Conclusions
    • Footnotes
    • References
  • Figures & Data
  • Supplemental
  • Info & Metrics
  • References
  • PDF

Related Articles

  • Google Scholar

Cited By...

  • No citing articles found.
  • Google Scholar

More in this TOC Section

  • The Effect of Fraternity Moratoriums on Alcohol Offenses and Sexual Assaults
  • The Impact of NAFTA on U.S. Local Labor Market Employment
  • Does Immigration Improve Quality of Care in Nursing Homes?
Show more Articles

Similar Articles

Keywords

  • J10
  • I12
  • J13
UW Press logo

© 2026 Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System

Powered by HighWire