The Economics of Hypergamy

References

1. ↵
   1. Angelov, N.,
   2. P. Johansson, and
   3. E. Lindahl

   . 2016. “Parenthood and the Gender Gap in Pay.” Journal of Labor Economics 34(3):545–79.

   OpenUrlCrossRef
2. ↵
   1. Autor, L.,
   2. D. Dorn, and
   3. G.H. Hanson

   . 2018. “When Work Disappears: Manufacturing Decline and the Falling Marriage-Market Value of Young Men.” IZA Discussion Paper 11465. Bonn, Germany: IZA.
3. ↵
   1. Becker, G.S.

   1991. A Treatise on the Family. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
4. ↵
   1. Becker, G.S.

   1993. Human Capital: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis, with Special Reference to Education. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
5. ↵
   1. Belot, M., and
   2. J. Fidrmuc

   . 2010. “Anthropometry of Love: Height and Gender Asymmetries in Interethnic Marriages.” Economics and Human Biology 8(3):361–72.

   OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
6. ↵
   1. Bertrand, M.,
   2. E. Kamenica, and
   3. J. Pan

   . 2015. “Gender Identity and Relative Income within Households.” Quarterly Journal of Economics 130(2):571–614.

   OpenUrlCrossRef
7. ↵
   1. Bratberg, E.,
   2. J. Davis,
   3. B. Mazumder,
   4. M. Nybom,
   5. D. Schnitzlein, and
   6. K. Vaage

   . 2017. “A Comparison of Intergenerational Mobility Curves in Germany, Norway, Sweden, and the U.S.” Scandinavian Journal of Economics 119(1):72–101.

   OpenUrl
8. ↵
   1. Bratberg, E., Ø.
   2. A. Nilsen, and
   3. K. Vaage

   . 2005. “Intergenerational Earnings Mobility in Norway: Levels and Trends.” Scandinavian Journal of Economics 107(3):419–35.

   OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
9. ↵
   1. Bratsberg, B.,
   2. S. Markussen,
   3. O. Raaum,
   4. K. Røed, and
   5. O.J. Røgeberg

   . 2018. “Trends in Assortative Mating and Offspring Outcomes.” IZA Discussion Paper 11753. Bonn, Germany: IZA.
10. ↵
    1. Browning M.,
    2. P.A. Chiappori, and
    3. Y. Weiss

    . 2014. Economics of the Family. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
11. ↵
    1. Bursztyn, L.,
    2. T. Fujiwara, and
    3. A. Pallais

    . 2017. “Acting Wife: Marriage Market Incentives and Labor Market Investments. American Economic Review 107(11):3288–319.

    OpenUrl
12. ↵
    1. Buss, D.M.

    1989. “Sex Differences in Human Mate Preferences: Evolutionary Hypotheses Tested in 37 Cultures.” Behavioral and Brain Sciences 12(1):1–14.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
13. ↵
    1. Buss, D.M., and
    2. D.P. Schmitt

    . 2019. “Mate Preferences and Their Behavioral Manifestations.” Annual Review of Psychology 70:77–110.

    OpenUrl
14. ↵
    1. Buunk, B.P.,
    2. P. Dijkstra,
    3. D. Fetchenhauer, and
    4. D.T. Kenrick

    . 2002. “Age and Gender Differences in Mate Selection Criteria for Various Involvement Levels.” Personal Relationships 9(3):271–78.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
15. ↵
    1. Cashdan, E.

    1996. “Women’s Mating Strategies.” Evolutionary Anthropology Issues News and Reviews 5(4):134–43.

    OpenUrl
16. ↵
    1. Chen, N.,
    2. P. Conconi, and
    3. C. Perroni

    . 2013. “Multi-Trait Matching and Gender Differential in Intergenerational Mobility.” Economic Letters 120:292–96.

    OpenUrl
17. ↵
    1. Chetty, R.,
    2. N. Hendren,
    3. P. Kline, and
    4. E. Saez

    . 2014a. “Where Is the Land of Opportunity? Geography of Intergenerational Mobility in the United States.” Quarterly Journal of Economics 129(4):1553–623.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
18. ↵
    1. Chetty, R.,
    2. N. Hendren,
    3. P. Kline,
    4. E. Saez, and
    5. N. Turner

    . 2014b. “Is the United States Still a Land of Opportunity? Recent Trends in Intergenerational Mobility.” American Economic Review: Papers & Proceedings 104(5):141–47.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
19. ↵
    1. Chevalier, A.

    2007. “Education, Occupation and Career Expectations: Determinants of the Gender Pay Gap for U.K. Graduates.” Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics 66(6):819–842.

    OpenUrl
20. ↵
    1. Corak, M.,
    2. M.J. Lindquist, and
    3. B. Mazumder

    . 2014. “A Comparison of Upward and Downward Intergenerational Mobility in Canada, Sweden and the United States. Labour Economics 30:185–200.

    OpenUrl
21. ↵
    1. Costa, P.T.,
    2. A. Terracciano, and
    3. R.R. McCrae

    . 2001. “Gender Differences in Personality Traits across Cultures: Robust and Surprising Findings.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 81:322–331.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
22. ↵
    1. Dahl, M., and
    2. T. DeLeire

    . 2008. “The Association between Children’s Earnings and Fathers’ Lifetime Earnings: Estimates Using Administrative Data.” Discussion Paper 1342-08, Madison, WI: Institute for Research on Poverty, University of Wisconsin.
23. ↵
    1. Davis, D., and
    2. C.A. Holt

    . 1993. Experimental Economics. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
24. ↵
    1. Davis, K.

    1941. “Intermarriage in Caste Societies.” American Anthropologist 43(3):376–95.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
25. ↵
    1. De Hauw, Y.,
    2. A. Grow, and
    3. J. Van Bavel

    . 2017. “The Reversed Gender Gap in Education and Assortative Mating in Europe.” European Journal of Population 33:445–74.

    OpenUrl
26. ↵
    1. Eastwick, P.W.,
    2. L.B. Luchies,
    3. E.J. Finkel, and
    4. L.L. Hunt

    . 2014. “The Predictive Validity of Ideal Partner Preferences: A Review and Meta-Analysis.” Psychological Bulletin 140(3):623–65.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
27. ↵
    1. Eika, L.,
    2. M. Mogstad, and
    3. B. Zafar

    . 2019. “Educational Assortative Mating and Household Income Inequality.” Journal of Political Economy 127(6):2795–835.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
28. ↵
    1. Elder, G.H., Jr.

    1969. “Appearance and Education in Marriage Mobility.” American Sociological Review 34(4):519–33.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
29. ↵
    1. Esteve, A.,
    2. J. García-Román, and
    3. I. Permanyer

    . 2012. “The Gender-Gap Reversal in Education and Its Effect on Union Formation: The End of Hypergamy?” Population and Development Review 38(3):535–46.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
30. ↵
    1. Esteve, A.,
    2. C.R. Schwartz,
    3. J. Van Bavel,
    4. I. Permanyer,
    5. M. Klesment, and
    6. J. Garcia

    . 2016. “The End of Hypergamy: Global Trends and Implications.” Population and Development Review 42(4):615–25.

    OpenUrl
31. ↵
    1. Fernandez, R.,
    2. N. Guner, and
    3. J. Knowles

    . 2005. “Love and Money: ATheoretical and Empirical Analysis of Household Sorting and inequality.” Quarterly Journal of Economics 120:273–344.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
32. ↵
    1. Fevang, E.

    2019. “Vulnerable Groups and Labor Market Performance. Towards More Sorting in the Labor Market?” In Economic Incentives, Employment and Health. Ph.D. dissertation. Bergen, Norway: University of Bergen.
33. ↵
    1. Fisman, R.J.,
    2. S.S. Iyengar,
    3. E. Kamenica, and
    4. I. Simonson

    . 2006. “Gender Differences in Mate Selection: Evidence from a Speed Dating Experiment.” Quarterly Journal of Economics 121(2):673–97.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
34. ↵
    1. Folke, O., and
    2. J. Rickne

    . 2018. “All the Single Ladies: Job Promotions and the Durability of Marriage.” Unpublished.
35. ↵
    1. Gihleb, R., and
    2. O. Lifshitz

    . 2016. “Dynamic Effects of Educational Assortative Mating on Labor Supply.” IZA Discussion Paper 9958. Bonn, Germany: IZA.
36. ↵
    1. Greenwood, J.,
    2. N. Guner,
    3. G. Kocharkov, and
    4. C. Santos

    . 2014. “Marry Your Like: Assortative Mating and Income Inequality.” American Economic Review 104(5):348–53.

    OpenUrl
37. ↵
    1. Hansen, M.N.

    2010. “Change in Intergenerational Economic Mobility in Norway: Conventional versus Joint Classifications of Economic Origin.” Journal of Economic Inequality 8:133–55.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
38. ↵
    1. Hitsch, G.J.,
    2. A. Hortaçsu, and
    3. D. Ariely

    . 2010. “Matching and Sorting in Online Dating.” American Economic Review 100(1):130–63.

    OpenUrl
39. ↵
    1. Karmin, M.,
    2. L. Saag,
    3. M. Vicente,
    4. M.A. Wilson Sayres,
    5. M. Järve,
    6. U.G. Talas,
    7. S. Rootsi,
    8. A.M. Ilumäe,
    9. R. Mägi,
    10. M. Mitt

    , et al. 2015. “A Recent Bottleneck of Y Chromosome Diversity Coincides with a Global Change in Culture.” Genome Research 25(4):459–66.

    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
40. 1. Kearney, M.S., and
    2. R. Wilson

    . 2018. “Male Earnings, Marriageable Men, and Nonmarital Fertility: Evidence from the Fracking Boom.” Review of Economics and Statistics 100(4):678–90.

    OpenUrl
41. ↵
    1. Keinan, A., and
    2. A.G. Clark

    . 2012. “Recent Explosive Human Population Growth Has Resulted in an Excess of Rare Genetic Variants.” Science 336(6082):740–43.

    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
42. ↵
    1. Lafortune, J.

    2013. “Making Yourself Attractive: Pre-marital Investments and the Returns to Education in the Marriage Market.” American Economic Journal, Applied Economics 5(2):151–78.

    OpenUrl
43. ↵
    1. Lippold, S.,
    2. H. Xu,
    3. A. Ko,
    4. M. Li,
    5. G. Renaud,
    6. A. Butthof,
    7. R. Schröder, and
    8. M. Stoneking

    . 2014. “Human Paternal and Maternal Demographic Histories: Insights from High-Resolution Y Chromosome and mtDNA Sequences.” Investigative Genetics 5(1): Article 13.

    OpenUrl
44. ↵
    1. Markussen, S., and
    2. K. Røed

    . 2020. “Economic Mobility under Pressure.” Journal of the European Economic Association 18(4):1844–85.

    OpenUrl
45. ↵
    1. Mincer, J.

    1974. “Schooling, Experience, and Earnings.” In Human Behavior and Social Institutions, ed. F.T. Juster, 71–94. New York: NBER and Columbia University.
46. ↵
    1. Ñ
    2. opo, H.,
    3. N. Daza, and
    4. J. Ramos

    . 2012. “Gender Earning Gaps around the World: A Study of 64 Countries.” International Journal of Manpower 33(5):464–513.

    OpenUrl
47. ↵
    1. Pekkarinen, T.,
    2. K.G. Salvanes, and
    3. M. Sarvimäki

    . 2017. “The Evolution of Social Mobility: Norway during the Twentieth Century.” Scandinavian Journal of Economics 119(1):5–33.

    OpenUrl
48. ↵
    1. Polachek, S.W.,
    2. X. Zhang, and
    3. X. Zhou

    . 2015. “A Biological Basis for the Gender Wage Gap: Fecundity and Age and Educational Hypogamy.” In: Gender Convergence in the Labor Market, Research in Labor Economics 41, ed. S.W. Polachek, X. Zhang, and X. Zhou, 35—88. Bingley, UK: Emerald Group Publishing.

    OpenUrl
49. ↵
    1. Roberts, S.C.,
    2. A.C. Little,
    3. L.M. Gosling,
    4. B.C. Jones,
    5. D.I. Perrett,
    6. V. Carter, and
    7. M. Petrie

    . 2005. “MHC-Assortative Facial Preferences in Humans.” Biology Letters 1(4):400–403.

    OpenUrl
50. ↵
    1. Schaller, J.

    2016. “Booms, Busts, and Fertility Testing the Becker Model Using Gender-Specific Labor Demand.” Journal of Human Resources 51(1):1–29.

    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
51. ↵
    1. Schmitt, D.P.,
    2. A. Realo,
    3. M. Voracek, and
    4. J. Allik

    . 2008. “Why Can’t a Man Be More like a Woman? Sex Differences in Big Five Personality Traits across 55 Cultures.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 94(1):168–82.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
52. ↵
    1. Schwartz, C., and
    2. R. Mare

    . 2005. “Trends in Educational Assortative Marriage from 1940 to 2003.” Demography 42(4):621–46.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
53. ↵
    1. Siow, A.

    1998. “Fecundity, Markets and Gender Roles.” Journal of Political Economy 106(2):334–54.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
54. ↵
    1. Stoet, G., and
    2. D.C. Geary

    . 2018. “The Gender-Equality Paradox in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics Education.” Psychological Science 29(4):581–93.

    OpenUrl
55. ↵
    United Nations. 2017. Human Development Reports. New York: UN.
56. ↵
    1. Wilder, J.A.,
    2. Z. Mobasher, and
    3. M.F. Hammer

    . 2004. “Genetic Evidence for Unequal Effective Population Sizes of Human Females and Males.” Molecular Biology and Evolution 21(11):2047–57.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed