The Effects of After-School Programs on Maternal Employment

References

1. ↵
   1. Aassve, Arnstein,
   2. Bruno Arpino, and
   3. Alice Goisis

   . 2012. “Grandparenting and Mothers’ Labour Force Participation: A Comparative Analysis Using the Generations and Gender Survey.” Demographic Research 27:53–84.

   OpenUrl
2. ↵
   1. Angrist, Joshua D., and
   2. Jörn-Steffen Pischke

   . 2009. Mostly Harmless Econometrics: An Empiricist’s Companion. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
3. ↵
   1. Augustin-Dittmann, Sandra

   . 2010. “The Development of All-Day Schooling in Germany: How Was It Possible in This Conservative Welfare State.” German Policy Studies 6(3):49–81.

   OpenUrl
4. ↵
   1. Baker, Michael,
   2. Jonathan Gruber, and
   3. Kevin Milligan

   . 2008. “Universal Child Care, Maternal Labor Supply, and Family Well-Being.” Journal of Political Economy 116(4):709–45.

   OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
5. ↵
   1. Bauernschuster, Stefan,
   2. Timo Hener, and
   3. Helmut Rainer

   . 2016. “Children of a (Policy) Revolution: The Introduction of Universal Child Care and its Effect on Fertility.” Journal of the European Economic Association 14(4):975–1005.

   OpenUrl
6. ↵
   1. Bauernschuster, Stefan, and
   2. Martin Schlotter

   . 2015. “Public Child Care and Mothers’ Labor Supply—Evidence from Two Quasi-Experiments.” Journal of Public Economics 123:1–16.

   OpenUrlCrossRef
7. ↵
   1. Berthelon, Matias,
   2. Diana Kruger,
   3. Catalina Lauer,
   4. Luca Teberti, and
   5. Carlos Zamor

   . 2020. “Longer School Schedules, Childcare and the Quality of Mother’s Employment: Evidence form School Reform in Chile.” GLO Discussion Paper.
8. ↵
   1. Blossfeld, Hans-Peter,
   2. Wilfried Bos,
   3. Hans-Dieter Daniel,
   4. Bettina Hannover,
   5. Dieter Lenzen,
   6. Manfred Prenzel,
   7. Hans-Günther Roßbach,
   8. Rudolf Tippelt, and
   9. Ludger Wößmann

   . 2013. Zwischenbilanz Ganztagsgrundschulen: Betreuung oder Rhythmisierung? Gutachten. Münster, Germany: Waxmann Verlag.
9. ↵
   1. BMBF

   . 2003. “Verwaltungsvereinbarung Investitionsprogramm, Zukunft Bildung und Betreuung’ 2003–2007.” Berlin: Federal Ministry of Education and Research.
10. ↵
    1. BMBF

    . 2009. “Gut angelegt: Das Investitionsprogramm Zukunft Bildung und Betreuung.” Tech. rep. Berlin: Federal Ministry of Education and Research.
11. ↵
    1. BMBF

    . 2010. “Geförderte Schulen von 2003 bis 2009.” http://www.ganztagsschulen.org/de/3443.php (accessed February 23, 2023).
12. ↵
    1. Börner, Nicole,
    2. Ramona Steinhauer,
    3. Janina Stötzel, and
    4. Agathe Tabel

    . 2012. “Bildungsbericht Ganztagsschule NRW 2012.” Tech. rep. Dortmund: Technische Universität Dortmund, Forschungsverbund Deutsches Jugendinstitut e.V.
13. ↵
    1. Cascio, Elizabeth U.

    2009. “Maternal Labor Supply and the Introduction of Kindergartens into American Public Schools.” Journal of Human Resources 44(1):140–70.

    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
14. ↵
    1. Cornelissen, Thomas,
    2. Christian Dustmann,
    3. Anna Raute, and
    4. Uta Schönberg

    . 2018. “Who Benefits from Universal Child Care? Estimating Marginal Returns to Early Child Care Attendance.” Journal of Political Economy 126(6):2356–409.

    OpenUrl
15. ↵
    1. Destatis

    . 2004. “Statistiken der Kinder- und Jugendhilfe, Tageseinrichtungen für Kinder am 31.12.2002.” Tech. rep. Wiesbaden: Federal Statistical Office.
16. ↵
    1. Destatis

    . 2012. “Statistiken der Kinder- und Jugendhilfe.” Tech. rep. Wiesbaden: Federal Statistical Office.
17. ↵
    1. Dustmann, Christian,
    2. Patrick A. Puhani, and
    3. Uta Schönberg

    . 2017. “The Long-Term Effects of Early Track Choice.” Economic Journal 127(603):1348–80.

    OpenUrl
18. ↵
    1. Felfe, Christina, and
    2. Rafael Lalive

    . 2018. “Does Early Child Care Help or Hurt Children’s Development?” Journal of Public Economics 159:33–53.

    OpenUrl
19. ↵
    1. Felfe, Christina,
    2. Michael Lechner, and
    3. Petra Thiemann

    . 2016. “After-School Care and Parents’ Labor Supply.” Labour Economics 42:64–75.

    OpenUrl
20. ↵
    1. Fitzpatrick, Maria

    . 2012. “Revising Our Thinking about the Relationship between Maternal Labor Supply and Preschool.” Journal of Human Resources 47(3):583–612.

    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
21. ↵
    1. Gambaro, Ludovica,
    2. Jan Marcus, and
    3. Frauke Peter

    . 2019. “School Entry, Afternoon Care and Mothers’ Labour Supply.” Empirical Economics 57(3):769–803.

    OpenUrl
22. ↵
    1. Gelbach, Jonah B.

    2002. “Public Schooling for Young Children and Maternal Labor Supply.” American Economic Review 92(1):307–22.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
23. ↵
    1. Goux, Dominique, and
    2. Eric Maurin

    . 2010. “Public School Availability for Two-Year Olds and Mothers’ Labour Supply.” Labour Economics 17(6):951–62.

    OpenUrl
24. ↵
    1. Havnes, Tarjei, and
    2. Magne Mogstad

    . 2011. “Money for Nothing? Universal Child Care and Maternal Employment.” Journal of Public Economics 95:1455–65.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
25. ↵
    1. Heimar, Andreas,
    2. Melanie Henkel, and
    3. Dominik Donges

    . 2011. “Vereinbarkeit von Familie und Beruf mit Schulkindern.” Tech. rep. Berlin: Federal Ministry for Family Affairs, Senior Citizens, Women and Youth.
26. ↵
    1. Inoue, Atsushi, and
    2. Gary Solon

    . 2010. “Two-Sample Instrumental Variables Estimators.” Review of Economics and Statistics 92(3):557–61.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
27. ↵
    1. Klemm, Klaus

    . 2012. “Was kostet der gebundene Ganztag? Berechnung zusätzlicher Ausgaben für die Einführung eines flächendeckenden Ganztagsschulangebots in Deutschland.” Tech. rep. Gütersloh: Bertelsmann Stiftung.
28. ↵
    1. Kluve, Jochen, and
    2. Sebastian Schmitz

    . 2018. “Back to Work: Parental Benefits and Mothers’ Labor Market Outcomes in the Medium Run.” ILR Review 71(1):143–73.

    OpenUrl
29. ↵
    1. KMK

    . 2008. “Allgemeinbildende Schulen in Ganztagsform in den Ländern in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland—Statistik 2002 bis 2006.” Tech. rep. Bonn: The Standing Conference of the Ministers of Education and Cultural Affairs of the Länder in the Federal Republic of Germany.
30. ↵
    1. KMK

    . 2011. “Wochenpflichtstunden der Schülerinnen und Schüler.” Tech. rep. Bonn: The Standing Conference of the Ministers of Education and Cultural Affairs of the Länder in the Federal Republic of Germany.
31. ↵
    1. KMK

    . 2015. “Allgemeinbildende Schulen in Ganztagsform in den Ländern in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland—Statistik 2009 bis 2013.” Tech. rep. Bonn: The Standing Conference of the Ministers of Education and Cultural Affairs of the Länder in the Federal Republic of Germany.
32. ↵
    1. Lefebvre, Pierre, and
    2. Philip Merrigan

    . 2008. “Child-Care Policy and the Labor Supply of Mothers with Young Children: A Natural Experiment from Canada.” Journal of Labor Economics 26(3):519–48.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
33. ↵
    1. Marcus, Jan,
    2. Janina Nemitz, and
    3. C. Katharina Spieß

    . 2016. “Veränderungen in der gruppenspezifischen Nutzung von ganztägigen Schulangeboten—Längsschnittanalysen für den Primarbereich.” Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft 19(2):415–42.

    OpenUrl
34. ↵
    1. Martínez, Claudia, and
    2. Marcela Perticará

    . 2017. “Childcare Effects on Maternal Employment: Evidence from Chile.” Journal of Development Economics 126:127–37.

    OpenUrl
35. ↵
    1. Müller, Kai-Uwe, and
    2. Katharina Wrohlich

    . 2020. “Does Subsidized Care for Toddlers Increase Maternal Labor Supply? Evidence from a Large-Scale Expansion of Early Childcare.” Labour Economics 62:101776.

    OpenUrl
36. ↵
    1. Nemitz, Janina

    . 2018. “The Effect of All-Day Primary School Programs on Maternal Labor Supply.” Unpublished.
37. ↵
    1. Nollenberger, Natalia, and
    2. Núria Rodríguez-Planas

    . 2015. “Full-Time Universal Childcare in a Context of Low Maternal Employment: Quasi-Experimental Evidence from Spain.” Labour Economics 36:124–36.

    OpenUrl
38. ↵
    1. OECD

    . 2011. “Doing Better for Families.” Paris: OECD Publishing.
39. ↵
    1. OECD

    . 2018. “PF4.3: Out-of-School-Hours Services.” Paris: OECD, Social Policy Division, Directorate of Employment, Labour and Social Affairs.
40. ↵
    1. Padilla-Romo, María, and
    2. Francisco Cabrera-Hernández

    . 2019. “Easing the Constraints of Motherhood: The Effects of All-Day Schools on Mothers’ Labor Supply.” Economic Inquiry 57(2):890–909.

    OpenUrl
41. ↵
    1. Paull, Gillian

    . 2008. “Children and Women’s Hours of Work.” Economic Journal 118(526): F8–F27.

    OpenUrl
42. ↵
    1. Pei, Zhuan,
    2. Jörn-Steffen Pischke, and
    3. Hannes Schwandt

    . 2019. “Poorly Measured Confounders are More Useful on the Left than on the Right.” Journal of Business & Economic Statistics 37(2):205–16.

    OpenUrl
43. ↵
    1. Pischke, Jörn-Steffen, and
    2. Till Von Wachter

    . 2008. “Zero Returns to Compulsory Schooling in Germany: Evidence and Interpretation.” Review of Economics and Statistics 90(3):592–8.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
44. ↵
    1. Rainer, Helmut,
    2. Stefan Bauernschuster,
    3. Wolfgang Auer,
    4. Natalia Danzer,
    5. Mine Hancioglu,
    6. Bastian Hartmann,
    7. Timo Hener,
    8. Christian Holzner,
    9. Notburga Ott,
    10. Janina Reinkowski, and
    11. Martin Werding

    . 2013. “Kinderbetreuung.” ifo Forschungsbericht 59.
45. ↵
    1. RDC

    . 2003–2012. “Microcensus 2003–2012.” Research Data Centers of the Federal Statistical Office and Statistical Offices of the Federal States. https://doi.org/10.21242/12211.2003.00.00.1.1.0
46. 1. RDC

    . 2012–2013. “Time Use Survey 2012–2013.” Research Data Centers of the Federal Statistical Office and Statistical Offices of the Federal States. https://doi.org/10.21242/63911.2013.00.00.3.1.0
47. ↵
    1. Schiersmann, Jutta,
    2. Ulrich-Alexander Eschment,
    3. Edith Kesberg,
    4. Jürgen Rolle, and
    5. Maira Schmidt

    . 2011. “Ganztagsschulen. Qualitätsentwicklung im Rahmen des IZBB.” Sozialpädagogisches Institut NRW—Fachhochschule Köln.
48. ↵
    1. Seidlitz, Arnim, and
    2. Larissa Zierow

    . 2020. “The Impact of All-Day Schools on Student Achievement—Evidence from Extending School Days in German Primary Schools.” CESifo Working Paper 8618. Munich: CESifo.
49. ↵
    1. Shure, Nikki

    . 2019. “School Hours and Maternal Labour Supply.” Kyklos 72(1):118–51.

    OpenUrl
50. ↵
    1. Spieß, C. Katharina,
    2. Felix Büchel, and
    3. Joachim R. Frick

    . 2002. “Kinderbetreuung in West- und Ostdeutschland: Sozioökonomischer Hintergrund entscheidend.” DIW Wochenbericht 31.
51. ↵
    1. SOEP

    . 2013. “Socio-Economic Panel, Data for Years 1984–2012.” Version 29 (with county identifiers). https://doi.org/10.5684/soep.v29
52. ↵
    1. StEG

    . 2010. “Ganztagsschule: Entwicklung und Wirkungen.” Tech. rep. Frankfurt am Main, Dortmund, Gießen, München: StEG-Konsortium.
53. ↵
    1. StEG

    . 2013. “Ganztagsschule 2012/2013. Deskriptive Befunde einer bundesweiten Befragung.” Tech. rep. Frankfurt am Main, Dortmund, Gießen, München: StEG-Konsortium.
54. ↵
    1. StEG

    . 2015. “Ganztagsschule 2014/2015. Deskriptive Befunde einer bundesweiten Befragung.” Tech. rep. Frankfurt am Main, Dortmund, Gießen, München: StEG-Konsortium.
55. ↵
    1. Takaku, Reo

    . 2019. “The Wall for Mothers with First Graders: Availability of Afterschool Childcare and Continuity of Maternal Labor Supply in Japan.” Review of Economics of the Household 17(1):177–99.

    OpenUrl
56. ↵
    1. Tobsch, Verena

    . 2013. “Betreuung von Schulkindern: Ein weiterer Schlüssel zur Aktivierung ungenutzter Arbeitskräftepotenziale?” SOEP papers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research 573.
57. ↵
    1. Wagner, Gert G.,
    2. Joachim R. Frick, and
    3. Jürgen Schupp

    . 2007. “The German Socio-Economic Panel Study (SOEP)—Scope, Evolution and Enhancements.” Schmollers Jahrbuch 127(1): 139–69.

    OpenUrl