Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1
Trend in SBMH Implementation across Hennepin County Schools
Notes: Data on SBMH collected by the authors.
- Figure 2
Event Study Model of Average Daily Attendance
Notes: Data are from administrative data on all students. Results are from an event study model with individual-level covariates (age, race/ethnicity, sex, free/reduced-price lunch status), and grade level by year fixed effects. Significance of test of pre-intervention trends: p = 0.823.
- Figure 3
Estimated Relative ATT Effect and 95 Percent Confidence Interval of SBMH on Attendance Rate, by Subgroup
Notes: Daily attendance rate ranges from zero to one. AIAN is American Indian or Alaska Native. API is Asian or Pacific Islander. FRPL is free/reduced-price lunch, and FRPL eligibility is a proxy for low family income. MH is mental health, and the risk model is based on predictions made from a model trained in a separate, nationally representative sample. CPS represents a child protective services investigation, and OHP is out-of-home (foster care) placement; these two things proxy for child welfare system involvement.
- Figure 4
Dynamic Effects on Standardized Test z-Scores (Pooled Academic Subjects)
Notes: Test score data are available for all students who took tests in years they were eligible to do so. Results are from an event study model with individual-level covariates (age, race/ethnicity, sex, free/reduced-price lunch status), and grade level by year fixed effects. Significance of test of pre-intervention trends: p = 0.865.
- Figure 5
Estimated Relative ATT Effect and 95 Percent Confidence Interval of SBMH on Standardized Test z-Score, by Subgroup
Notes: AIAN is American Indian or Alaska Native. API is Asian or Pacific Islander. FRPL is free/reduced-price lunch, and FRPL eligibility is a proxy for low family income. MH is mental health, and the risk model is based on predictions made from a model trained in a separate, nationally representative sample. CPS represents a child protective services investigation, and OHP is out-of-home (foster care) placement; these two things proxy for child welfare system involvement.
- Figure 6
Event Study Model of the Probability of Any Out-of-School Suspension
Notes: Data are from administrative data on all students. Results are from an event study model with individual-level covariates (age, race/ethnicity, sex, free/reduced-price lunch status), and grade level by year fixed effects. Significance of test of pre-intervention trends: p = 0.306.
- Figure 7
Event Study Model of Any Suicide Attempts in Past 12 Months
Notes: Data are from Minnesota Student Surveys. Results are from an event study model with individual-level covariates (age, race/ethnicity, sex), and grade level by year fixed effects. Significance of test of pre-intervention trends: p = 0.173.
Tables
- Table 1
Estimated Effects of School SBMH on School and Juvenile Justice Administrative Data Outcomes
Average Daily Attendance Standardized Test z-Score (Subjects Pooled) Any Out-of-School Suspension Any Juvenile Justice Case Initiated ATT −0.0012 0.0004 −0.0124 −0.0085 −0.0041 −0.0044 0.0002 −0.0010 SE (0.0018) (0.0019) (0.0164) (0.0177) (0.0026) (0.0026) (0.0006) (0.0004) p-value 0.511 0.834 0.451 0.631 0.111 0.087 0.807 0.020 Sharpened q-value 0.424 0.569 0.424 0.461 0.205 0.183 0.569 0.068 Matched sample X X X X Sample mean 0.942 0.945 −0.026 0.011 0.0383 0.0410 0.0047 0.0041 N 2,528,624 1,873,627 1,754,574 1,438,697 997,579 796,191 853,319 685,120 Notes: Attendance data are from administrative data available on all students. Test score data are available for all students who took tests in years they were eligible to do so. All results are from models with individual-level covariates (age, race/ethnicity, sex, free/reduced-price lunch status), and include grade level by year fixed effects.
- Table 2
Estimated ATT Effects of SBMH on Mental Health Services Administrative Data Outcomes
Outpatient MH Services or Psychotropic Drug Use Psychotherapy Services Any MH Medication Any Inpatient or ED Use for Mental Health Diagnosis Any New Mental Health Diagnosis ATT 0.0137 0.0129 0.0159 0.0167 0.0024 0.0026 0.0026 0.0026 0.0090 0.0058 SE (0.0049) (0.0050) (0.0040) (0.0043) (0.0037) (0.0039) (0.0020) (0.0021) (0.0036) (0.0037) p-value 0.005 0.009 <0.001 <0.001 0.514 0.511 0.184 0.232 0.012 0.117 Sharpened q-value 0.039 0.050 0.007 0.007 0.424 0.424 0.267 0.303 0.054 0.205 Matched sample X X X X X Sample mean 0.1807 0.1832 0.1223 0.1228 0.1108 0.1143 0.0334 0.0261 0.0811 0.0798 N 401,387 301,443 401,387 301,443 401,387 301,443 258,284 194,700 346,351 260,030 Notes: All mental health services use data are from administrative data available on Medicaid-enrolled students. All results are from models with individual-level covariates (age, race/ethnicity, sex, free/reduced-price lunch status) and include grade level by year fixed effects.
Any Substance Use in Past 30 Days Suicidal Ideation in Past 12 Months Any Suicide Attempts in Past 12 Months ATT −0.0001 0.0035 −0.0021 −0.0041 −0.0038 −0.0053 SE (0.0076) (0.0091) (0.0037) (0.0047) (0.0019) (0.0025) p-value 0.995 0.697 0.564 0.390 0.050 0.034 Sharpened q-value 0.596 0.497 0.205 0.205 0.073 0.089 Matched sample X X X Sample mean 0.230 0.218 0.138 0.135 0.025 0.036 N 147,151 104,303 156,323 110,507 156,511 110,672 Notes: Data are from Minnesota Student Survey data available every three years for some grades and schools. All results are from models with individual-level covariates (grade, race/ethnicity, sex) and include grade level by year fixed effects.
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