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Research ArticleArticles

The Effects of Need-Based Financial Aid on Employment and Earnings

Experimental Evidence from the Fund for Wisconsin Scholars

View ORCID ProfileDeven Carlson, View ORCID ProfileAlex Schmidt, View ORCID ProfileSarah Souders and View ORCID ProfileBarbara Wolfe
Journal of Human Resources, March 2025, 60 (2) 327-370; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3368/jhr.0121-11458R1
Deven Carlson
Deven Carlson is Professor of Political Science and Presidential Research Professor at the University of Oklahoma.
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Alex Schmidt
Alex Schmidt is Senior AI/Data Science Engineer at Medtronic.
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Sarah Souders
Sarah Souders is a Ph.D. Student in the Department of Public Administration and International Affairs at Syracuse University.
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Barbara Wolfe
Barbara Wolfe is the Richard A. Easterlin Professor of Economics, Population Health Sciences, and Public Affairs at the University of Wisconsin–Madison.
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Abstract

We experimentally estimate the effects of a need-based financial aid offer on students’ annual in-state employment and earnings up to eight years after the initial offer. For students in four-year universities, we show the aid offer to reduce employment and earnings throughout the period we study but provide evidence of increased effort on coursework during students, in-college years. We examine the role of outstate migration and reduced loan debt in generating the negative effects in students’ post-college years. We find no significant effects of the aid offer on the labor market outcomes of individuals in two-year institutions.

JEL Classification:
  • I22
  • I24
  • I26
  • J24
  • Received January 2021.
  • Accepted May 2022.
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Journal of Human Resources: 60 (2)
Journal of Human Resources
Vol. 60, Issue 2
1 Mar 2025
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The Effects of Need-Based Financial Aid on Employment and Earnings
Deven Carlson, Alex Schmidt, Sarah Souders, Barbara Wolfe
Journal of Human Resources Mar 2025, 60 (2) 327-370; DOI: 10.3368/jhr.0121-11458R1

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The Effects of Need-Based Financial Aid on Employment and Earnings
Deven Carlson, Alex Schmidt, Sarah Souders, Barbara Wolfe
Journal of Human Resources Mar 2025, 60 (2) 327-370; DOI: 10.3368/jhr.0121-11458R1
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  • Article
    • Abstract
    • I. Introduction
    • II. Need-Based Financial Aid: Effects of Postsecondary Outcomes and Beyond
    • III. The Fund for Wisconsin Scholars
    • IV. Data and Sample
    • V. Analytic Strategy
    • VI. Results
    • VII. Discussion and Conclusion
    • Acknowledgments
    • Footnotes
    • References
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Keywords

  • I22
  • I24
  • I26
  • J24
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