Abstract
We examine the extent and channels through which reported sexism affects American women. Using a sample of internal migrants and an instrumental variable (IV) approach, we show that higher prevailing sexism where a woman currently resides adversely affects her labor market outcomes relative to men, increases marriage, and reduces childbearing age. We attempt to disentangle the roles of discrimination and norms by comparing the effects of male versus female sexism and various percentiles of the sexism distribution. Overall, the findings are consistent with the importance of prejudice-based discrimination for labor market gaps and social norms for women’s non-labor market outcomes.
Footnotes
Joint first authors are Kerwin Kofi Charles, Jonathan Guryan, and Jessica Pan.
- Received September 2020.
- Accepted July 2022.
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- Article
- Abstract
- I. Introduction
- II. Data and Summary Statistics
- III. Understanding the Relationship Between Sexism and Women’s Outcomes
- IV. Instrumental Variables Estimates of the Effects of Residential Sexism
- V. Mechanisms for the Causal Effect of Residential Sexism
- VI. Conclusion
- Acknowledgments
- Footnotes
- References
- Figures & Data
- Supplemental
- Info & Metrics
- References
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