Parental Education and the Responses to Higher SAT Scores

References

1. ↵
   1. Altmejd, Adam,
   2. Andres Barrios-Fernandez,
   3. Marin Drlje,
   4. Joshua Goodman,
   5. Michael Hurwitz,
   6. Dejan Kovac,
   7. Christine Mulhern,
   8. Christopher Neilson, and
   9. Jonathan Smith

   . 2021. “O Brother, Where Start Thou? Sibling Spillovers on College and Major Choice in Four Countries.” Quarterly Journal of Economics 136:1831–86.

   OpenUrl
2. ↵
   1. Andrews, Rodney J.,
   2. Scott A. Imberman, and
   3. Michael F. Lovenheim

   . 2020. “Recruiting and Supporting Low-Income, High-Achieving Students at Flagship Universities.” Economics of Education Review 74:101923.

   OpenUrl
3. ↵
   1. Anelli, Massimo.

   2020. “The Returns to Elite University Education: A Quasi-Experimental Analysis.” Journal of the European Economic Association 18:2824–68.

   OpenUrl
4. ↵
   1. Avery, Christopher,
   2. Oded Gurantz,
   3. Michael Hurwitz, and
   4. Jonathan Smith

   . 2018. “Shifting College Majors in Response to Advanced Placement Exam Scores.” Journal of Human Resources 53:918–56.

   OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
5. ↵
   1. Belfield,
   2. Chris,
   3. Teodora Boneva,
   4. Christopher Rauh, and
   5. Jonathan Shaw

   . 2019. “What Drives Enrolment Gaps in Further Education? The Role of Beliefs in Sequential Schooling Decisions.” Economica 87:1–4.

   OpenUrl
6. ↵
   1. Bertanha, Marinho.

   2020. “Regression Discontinuity Design with Many Thresholds.” Journal of Econometrics 218:216–41.

   OpenUrlCrossRef
7. ↵
   1. Bettinger, Eric P.,
   2. Bridget T. Long,
   3. Philip Oreopoulos, and
   4. Lisa Sanbonmatsu

   . 2012. “The Role of Application Assistance and Information in College Decisions: Results from the H&R Block FAFSA Experiment.” Quarterly Journal of Economics 127:1205–42.

   OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
8. ↵
   1. Black, Sandra E.,
   2. Kalena E. Cortes, and
   3. Jane A. Lincove

   . 2015. “Academic Undermatching of High-Achieving Minority Students: Evidence from Race-Neutral and Holistic Admissions Policies.” American Economic Review 105:604–10.

   OpenUrlCrossRef
9. ↵
   1. Black, Sandra E., and
   2. Paul Devereux

   . 2011. “Recent Developments in Intergenerational Mobility.” In Handbook of Labor Economics, Volume 4, Part B, ed. O. Ashenfelter and D. Card, 1487–41. New York: Elsevier.

   OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
10. ↵
    1. Bond, Timothy. N.,
    2. George Bulman,
    3. Xiaoxiao Li, and
    4. Jonathan Smith

    . 2018. “Updating Human Capital Decisions: Evidence from SAT Score Shocks and College Applications.” Journal of Labor Economics 36:807–39.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
11. ↵
    1. Boneva, Teodora, and
    2. Christopher Rauh

    . 2020. “Socio-Economic Gaps in University Enrollment: The Role of Perceived Pecuniary and Non-Pecuniary Returns.” Unpublished. University of Zurich.
12. ↵
    1. Bulman, George.

    2015. “The Effect of Access to College Assessments on Enrollment and Attainment.” American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 7:1–36.

    OpenUrl
13. ↵
    1. Cameron, Stephen V., and
    2. James J. Heckman

    . 2001. “The Dynamics of Educational Attainment for Black, Hispanic, and White Males.” Journal of Political Economy 109:455–99.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
14. ↵
    1. Canaan, Serena, and
    2. Pierre Mouganie

    . 2018. “Returns to Education Quality for Low-Skilled Students: Evidence from a Discontinuity.” Journal of Labor Economics 36:395–436.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
15. ↵
    1. Cattaneo, Matias D.,
    2. Nicols Idrobo, and
    3. Roco Titiunik

    . 2020. A Practical Introduction to Regression Discontinuity Designs: Extensions. Elements in Quantitative and Computational Methods for the Social Sciences. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
16. ↵
    1. Cellini, Stephanie R.,
    2. Fernando Ferreira, and
    3. Jesse Rothstein

    . 2010. “The Value of School Facility Investments: Evidence from A Dynamic Regression Discontinuity Design.” Quarterly Journal of Economics 125:215–61.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
17. ↵
    1. Delaney, Judith M., and
    2. Paul J. Devereux

    . 2020. “Choosing Differently? College Application Behavior and the Persistence of Educational Advantage.” Economics of Education Review 77:101998.

    OpenUrl
18. ↵
    1. Dillon, Eleanor W., and
    2. Jeffrey A. Smith

    . 2017. “Determinants of the Match Between Student Ability and College Quality.” Journal of Labor Economics 35:45–66.

    OpenUrl
19. ↵
    1. Dynarski, Susan,
    2. C.J. Libassi,
    3. Katherine Michelmore, and
    4. Stephanie Owen

    . 2021. “Closing the Gap: The Effect of Reducing Complexity and Uncertainty in College Pricing on the Choices of Low-Income Students.” American Economic Review 111:1721–56.

    OpenUrl
20. ↵
    1. Edwards, Daniel,
    2. Hamish Coates, and
    3. Tim Friedman

    . 2012. “A Survey of International Practice in University Admissions Testing.” Higher Education Management and Policy 24:1–18.

    OpenUrl
21. ↵
    1. Fan, Elliott,
    2. Xin Meng,
    3. Zhichao Wei, and
    4. Guochang Zhao

    . 2017. “Rates of Return to Four-Year University Education: An Application of Regression Discontinuity Design.” Scandinavian Journal of Economics 120:1011–42.

    OpenUrl
22. ↵
    1. French, Robert, and
    2. Philip Oreopoulos

    . 2017. “Behavioral Barriers Transitioning to College.” Labour Economics 47:48–63.

    OpenUrl
23. ↵
    1. Goodman, Joshua,
    2. Oded Gurantz, and
    3. Jonathan Smith

    . 2020. “Take Two! SAT Retaking and College Enrollment Gaps.” American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 12:115–58.

    OpenUrl
24. ↵
    Government of Sweden. 2004. “Tre Vägar till den Öppna Högskolan—Betänkande av Tillträdesutredningen.” Statens Offentliga Utredningar 29. Stockholm: Government of Sweden.
25. ↵
    1. Graetz, Georg, and
    2. Arizo Karimi

    . 2022. “Gender Gap Variation Across Assessment Types: Explanations and Implications.” Economics of Education Review 91:102313.

    OpenUrl
26. ↵
    1. Graetz, Georg,
    2. Björn Öckert, and
    3. Oskar Nordström Skans

    . 2020. “Family Background and the Responses to Higher SAT Scores.” IZA Discussion Paper 13343. Bonn, Germany: IZA.
27. ↵
    1. Grönqvist, Erik,
    2. Björn Öckert, and
    3. Jonas Vlachos

    . 2017. “The Intergenerational Transmission of Cognitive and Noncognitive Abilities.” Journal of Human Resources 52:887–918.

    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
28. ↵
    1. Gurantz, Oded,
    2. Jessica Howell,
    3. Michael Hurwitz,
    4. Cassandra Larson,
    5. Matea Pender, and
    6. Brooke White

    . 2021. “A National-Level Informational Experiment to Promote Enrollment in Selective Colleges.” Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 40:453–79.

    OpenUrl
29. ↵
    1. Guryan, Jonathan,
    2. Erik Hurst, and
    3. Melissa Kearney

    . 2008. “Parental Education and Parental Time with Children.” Journal of Economic Perspectives 22:23–46.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
30. ↵
    1. Haggag, Kareem,
    2. Emily Leslie,
    3. Devin Pope, and
    4. Nolan Pope

    . 2025. “The Value of a Higher ACT Exam Score.” Journal of Human Resources. Forthcoming.
31. ↵
    1. Hastings, Justine S.,
    2. Christopher A. Neilson,
    3. Anely Ramirez, and
    4. Seth D. Zimmerman

    . 2016. “(Un)Informed College and Major Choice: Evidence from Linked Survey and Administrative Data.” Economics of Education Review 51:136–51.

    OpenUrl
32. ↵
    1. Hoekstra, Mark.

    2009. “The Effect of Attending the Flagship State University on Earnings: A Discontinuity-Based Approach.” Review of Economics and Statistics 91:717–24.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
33. ↵
    Högskoleverket. 2000. “Högskoleprovet. Gårdagens Mål och Framtida Inriktning.” Högskoleverkets Rapport-Serie 2000:12r. Stockholm: Högskoleverket.
34. ↵
    1. Howell, Jessica S., and
    2. Matea Pender

    . 2016. “The Costs and Benefits of Enrolling in an Academically Matched College.” Economics of Education Review 51:152–68.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
35. ↵
    1. Hoxby, Caroline M., and
    2. Christopher Avery

    . 2013. “The Missing ‘One-Offs’: The Hidden Supply of High-Achieving, Low- Income Students.” Brookings Papers on Economic Activity 44:1–65.

    OpenUrl
36. ↵
    1. Hoxby, Caroline. M., and
    2. Sarah Turner

    . 2013. “Expanding College Opportunities for High-Achieving, Low-Income Students.” Discussion Paper 12-014. Stanford, CA: Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research.
37. ↵
    1. Humlum, Maria K.,
    2. Jannie H.G. Kristoffersen, and
    3. Rune Vejlin

    . 2017. “College Admissions Decisions, Educational Outcomes, and Family Formation.” Labour Economics 48:215–30.

    OpenUrl
38. ↵
    1. Hurwitz, Michael,
    2. Jonathan Smith,
    3. Sunny Niu, and
    4. Jessica Howell

    . 2015. “The Maine Question: How Is 4-Year College Enrollment Affected by Mandatory College Entrance Exams?” Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis 37:138–59.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
39. ↵
    1. Hyman, Joshua

    2020. “Can Light-Touch College-Going Interventions Make a Difference? Evidence from a Statewide Experiment in Michigan.” Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 39:159–90.

    OpenUrl
40. ↵
    1. Keane, Michael P., and
    2. Kenneth I. Wolpin

    . 2001. “The Effect of Parental Transfers and Borrowing Constraints on Educational Attainment.” International Economic Review 42:1051–103.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
41. ↵
    1. Kirkeboen, Lars J.,
    2. Edwin Leuven, and
    3. Magne Mogstad

    . 2016. “Field of Study, Earnings, and Self-Selection.” Quarterly Journal of Economics 131:1057–111.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
42. ↵
    1. Klasik, Daniel.

    2013. “The Act of Enrollment: The College Enrollment Effects of State-Required College Entrance Exam Testing.” Educational Researcher 42:151–60.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
43. ↵
    1. Kolesár, Michal, and
    2. Christoph Rothe

    . 2018. “Inference in Regression Discontinuity Designs with a Discrete Running Variable.” American Economic Review 108:2277–304.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
44. ↵
    1. Landersø, Rasmus, and
    2. James J. Heckman

    . 2017. “The Scandinavian Fantasy: Sources of Intergenerational Mobility in Denmark and the US.” Scandinavian Journal of Economics 119:178–230.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
45. ↵
    1. Lavecchia, Adam M.,
    2. Heidi Liu, and
    3. Philip Oreopoulos

    . 2016. “Behavioral Economics of Education: Progress and Possibilities.” In Handbook of The Economics of Education, Volume 5, ed. Hanushek, Eric A., Stephen Machin, and Ludger Woessmann, 1–74. New York: Elsevier.
46. 1. Lee, David S., and
    2. David Card

    . 2008. “Regression Discontinuity Inference with Specification Error.” Journal of Econometrics 142:655–74.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
47. ↵
    1. Lochner, Lance, and
    2. Alexander Monge-Naranjo

    . 2012. “Credit Constraints in Education.” Annual Review of Economics 4:225–56.

    OpenUrl
48. ↵
    1. Manski, Charles F., and
    2. David A. Wise

    . 2013. College Choice in America. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
49. ↵
    1. Marx, Benjamin M., and
    2. Lesley J. Turner

    . 2019a. “Student Loan Choice Overload.” NBER Working Paper 25905. Cambridge, MA: NBER.
50. 1. Marx, Benjamin M., and
    2. Lesley J. Turner

    . 2019b. “Student Loan Nudges: Experimental Evidence on Borrowing and Educational Attainment.” American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 11:108–41.

    OpenUrl
51. ↵
    1. Öckert, Björn

    2010. “What’s the Value of an Acceptance Letter? Using Admissions Data to Estimate the Return to College.” Economics of Education Review 29:504–16.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
52. ↵
    1. Oreopoulos, Philip, and
    2. Reuben Ford

    . 2019. “Keeping College Options Open: A Field Experiment to Help All High School Seniors Through the College Application Process.” Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 38:426–54.

    OpenUrl
53. ↵
    1. Pallais, Amanda.

    2015. “Small Differences That Matter: Mistakes in Applying to College.” Journal of Labor Economics 33:493–520.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
54. 1. Papay,
    2. John,
    3. Richard Murnane, and
    4. John Willett

    . 2016. “The Impact of Test Score Labels on Human-Capital Investment Decisions.” Journal of Human Resources 51:357–88.

    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
55. ↵
    1. Perna, Laura W.

    2006. “Studying College Access and Choice: A Proposed Conceptual Model.” In Higher Education: Handbook of Theory and Research, Volume 21, ed. J.C. Smart, 99–157. Dordrecht, the Netherlands: Springer.

    OpenUrl
56. ↵
    1. Smith, Jonathan,
    2. Michael Hurwitz, and
    3. Christopher Avery

    . 2017. “Giving College Credit Where It Is Due: Advanced Placement Exam Scores and College Outcomes.” Journal of Labor Economics 35:67–147.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
57. ↵
    1. Smith, Jonathan,
    2. Matea Pender, and
    3. Jessica S. Howell

    . 2013. “The Full Extent of Student–College Academic Undermatch.” Economics of Education Review 32:247–61.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
58. ↵
    1. Solis, Alex.

    2017. “Credit Access and College Enrollment.” Journal of Political Economy 125:562–622.

    OpenUrl
59. ↵
    Swedish Board of Student Finance. 2010. “Studerandes Utgifter – En Kartläggning av Högskolestuderandes Månadsutgifter.” Technical Report.
60. ↵
    1. Zimmerman, Seth D.

    2014. “The Returns to College Admission for Academically Marginal Students.” Journal of Labor Economics 32:711–54.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
61. ↵
    1. Zimmerman, Seth D.

    2019. “Elite Colleges and Upward Mobility to Top Jobs and Top Incomes.” American Economic Review 109:1–47.

    OpenUrl