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Research ArticleArticles

What Knox Achieved

Estimated Effects of Tuition-Free Community College on Attainment and Earnings

View ORCID ProfileCeleste K. Carruthers, William F. Fox and View ORCID ProfileChristopher Jepsen
Journal of Human Resources, November 2025, 60 (6) 2071-2104; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3368/jhr.1220-11359R2
Celeste K. Carruthers
Celeste Carruthers (corresponding author, ) is a Professor of Economics at the University of Tennessee-Knoxville and Research Associate at the NBER.
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  • ORCID record for Celeste K. Carruthers
  • For correspondence: carruthers{at}utk.edu
William F. Fox
William Fox is a Professor Emeritus of Economics at the University of Tennessee-Knoxville.
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Christopher Jepsen
Christopher Jepsen is a Professor of Economics at University College Dublin, an IZA Research Fellow, and a CES-Ifo Research Fellow.
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  • ORCID record for Christopher Jepsen
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Article Information

vol. 60 no. 6 2071-2104
DOI 
https://doi.org/10.3368/jhr.1220-11359R2
Published By 
University of Wisconsin Press
Print ISSN 
0022-166X
Online ISSN 
1548-8004
History 
  • Received December 1, 2020
  • Accepted March 1, 2023
  • Published online November 17, 2025.

ARTICLE VERSIONS

  • Ahead of Print Version (Tuesday, June 06, 2023 - 7:10 AM).
  • You are viewing the final version of this article.
Copyright & Usage 
© 2025 by the Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System

Author Information

  1. Celeste K. Carruthers
  1. Celeste Carruthers (corresponding author, (carruthers{at}utk.edu)) is a Professor of Economics at the University of Tennessee-Knoxville and Research Associate at the NBER.
  1. William F. Fox
  1. William Fox is a Professor Emeritus of Economics at the University of Tennessee-Knoxville.
  1. Christopher Jepsen
  1. Christopher Jepsen is a Professor of Economics at University College Dublin, an IZA Research Fellow, and a CES-Ifo Research Fellow.
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Journal of Human Resources: 60 (6)
Journal of Human Resources
Vol. 60, Issue 6
1 Nov 2025
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What Knox Achieved
Celeste K. Carruthers, William F. Fox, Christopher Jepsen
Journal of Human Resources Nov 2025, 60 (6) 2071-2104; DOI: 10.3368/jhr.1220-11359R2

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What Knox Achieved
Celeste K. Carruthers, William F. Fox, Christopher Jepsen
Journal of Human Resources Nov 2025, 60 (6) 2071-2104; DOI: 10.3368/jhr.1220-11359R2
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    • Abstract
    • I. Introduction
    • II. Policy Background and Related Research
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