Abstract
We examine the impact of non-tenure track faculty by type of employment on students’ academic outcomes in two- and four-year colleges using a two-way fixed effects model and an instrumental variable approach. We also examine how the estimated effects on student outcomes can be explained by observable instructor characteristics and employment features. We find that non-tenure track faculty have positive impacts on current course grades but negative impacts on subsequent course outcomes. These negative impacts are stronger for non-tenure track faculty hired through temporary appointments than those hired with long-term contracts, which can be explained partly by observable instructor characteristics.
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