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Research ArticleArticle

Does Contractual Form Matter? The Impact of Different Types of Non-Tenure Track Faculty on College Students’ Academic Outcomes

Florence Xiaotao Ran [Ph.D.] and Di Xu
Published online before print May 04, 2018, 0117-8505R; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3368/jhr.54.4.0117.8505R
Florence Xiaotao Ran
Florence Xiaotao Ran is a Ph.D. candidate in economics and education at the Teachers College, Columbia University and a senior research assistant at Community College Research Center (CCRC).
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Di Xu
Di Xu is an assistant professor of Educational Policy and Social Context at the University of California Irvine and a research affiliate at CCRC and the American Enterprise Institute (AEI).
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Abstract

We examine the impact of non-tenure track faculty by type of employment on students’ academic outcomes in two- and four-year colleges using a two-way fixed effects model and an instrumental variable approach. We also examine how the estimated effects on student outcomes can be explained by observable instructor characteristics and employment features. We find that non-tenure track faculty have positive impacts on current course grades but negative impacts on subsequent course outcomes. These negative impacts are stronger for non-tenure track faculty hired through temporary appointments than those hired with long-term contracts, which can be explained partly by observable instructor characteristics.

  • JEL I23

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Journal of Human Resources: 60 (3)
Journal of Human Resources
Vol. 60, Issue 3
1 May 2025
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Does Contractual Form Matter? The Impact of Different Types of Non-Tenure Track Faculty on College Students’ Academic Outcomes
Florence Xiaotao Ran [Ph.D.], Di Xu
Journal of Human Resources May 2018, 0117-8505R; DOI: 10.3368/jhr.54.4.0117.8505R

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Does Contractual Form Matter? The Impact of Different Types of Non-Tenure Track Faculty on College Students’ Academic Outcomes
Florence Xiaotao Ran [Ph.D.], Di Xu
Journal of Human Resources May 2018, 0117-8505R; DOI: 10.3368/jhr.54.4.0117.8505R
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