Selection into Identification in Fixed Effects Models, with Application to Head Start

References

1. 1. Abrevaya, Jason

   . 2006. “Estimating the effect of smoking on birth outcomes using a matched panel data approach.” Journal of Applied Econometrics, 21(4): 489-519.

   OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
2. 1. Aizer, Anna, and
   2. Flavio Cunha

   . 2012. “The Production of Human Capital: Endowments, Investments and Fertility.” National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper 18429. DOI: 10.3386/w18429.

   OpenUrlCrossRef
3. 1. Almond, Douglas,
   2. Kenneth Y. Chay, and
   3. David S. Lee

   . 2005. “The Costs of Low Birth Weight.” The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 120(3): 1031-1083.

   OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
4. 1. Anderson, Michael L.

   2008. “Multiple Inference and Gender Differences in the Effects of Early Intervention: A Reevaluation of the Abecedarian, Perry Preschool, and Early Training Projects.” Journal of the American Statistical Association, 103.
5. 1. Andersson, Fredrik,
   2. John C. Haltiwanger,
   3. Mark J. Kutzbach,
   4. Giordano E. Palloni,
   5. Henry O. Pollakowski, and
   6. Daniel H. Weinberg

   . 2016. “Childhood Housing and Adult Earnings: A Between-Siblings Analysis of Housing Vouchers and Public Housing.” National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper 22721.
6. 1. Andrews, Isaiah, and
   2. Emily Oster

   . 2019. “A Simple Approximation for Evaluating External Validity Bias.” Economics Letters, 178: 58-62. Working Paper.

   OpenUrl
7. 1. Angrist, Joshua, and
   2. Jorn-Steffen Pischke

   . 2009. Mostly Harmless Econometrics. Princeton University Press.
8. 1. Angrist, Joshua D.

   1998. “Estimating the Labor Market Impact of Voluntary Military Service Using Social Security Data on Military Applicants.” Econometrica, 66(2): 249-288.

   OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
9. 1. Angrist, Joshua D., and
   2. Ivan Fernandez-Val

   . 2013. “ExtrapoLATE-ing: External Validity and Overidentification in the LATE Framework.” Advances in Economics and Econometrics: Tenth World Congress, ed. Daron Acemoglu, Manuel Arellano and Eddie Dekel Vol. 3 of Econometric Society Monographs, 401 - 434. Cambridge University Press.

   OpenUrl
10. 1. Aronow, Peter M., and
    2. Allison Carnegie

    . 2013. “Beyond LATE: Estimation of the Average Treatment Effect with an Instrumental Variable.” Political Analysis, 21(4): 492-506.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
11. 1. Bailey, Martha J.,
    2. Shuqiao Sun, and
    3. Brenden Timpe

    . 2018. “Prep School for Poor Kids: The Long-Run Impacts of Head Start on Human Capital and Economic Self-Sufficiency.” Working Paper.
12. 1. Barr, Andrew, and
    2. Chloe R. Gibbs

    . 2018. “Breaking the Cycle? Intergenerational Effects of an Anti-Poverty Program in Early Childhood.” mimeo.
13. 1. Bates, Michael David,
    2. Katherine E. Castellano,
    3. Sophia Rabe-Hesketh, and
    4. Anders Skrondal

    . 2014. “Handling Correlations Between Covariates and Random Slopes in Multilevel Models.” Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, 39(6): 524-549.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
14. 1. Bauer, Lauren, and
    2. Diane Whitmore Schanzenbach

    . 2016. “The Long-Term Impact of the Head Start Program.” The Hamilton Project.
15. 1. Bayer, Patrick,
    2. Randi Hjalmarsson, and
    3. David Pozen

    . 2009. “Building Criminal Capital behind Bars: Peer Effects in Juvenile Corrections*.” The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 124(1): 105-147.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
16. 1. Beck, Nathaniel

    . 2015. “Estimating Grouped Data Models with a Binary Dependent Variable and Fixed Effects: What are the Issues? Comments Prepared for Delivery at the Annual Meeting of the Society for Political Methodology.” mimeo.
17. 1. Black, Sandra E.,
    2. Paul J. Devereux, and
    3. Kjell G. Salvanes

    . 2007. “From the Cradle to the Labor Market? The Effect of Birth Weight on Adult Outcomes*.” The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 122(1): 409-439.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
18. 1. Borusyak, Kirill, and
    2. Xavier Jaravel

    . 2017. “Revisiting Event Study Designs, with an Application to the Estimation of the Marginal Propensity to Consume.” Working Paper.
19. 1. Bound, John, and
    2. Gary Solon

    . 1999. “Double Trouble: On the Value of Twins-based Estimation of the Return to Schooling.” Economics of Education Review, 18(2): 169-182.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
20. 1. Callaway, Brantly, and
    2. Pedro H. C. Sant’Anna

    . 2018. “Difference-in-Differences with Multiple Time Periods and an Application on the Minimum Wage and Employment.” Working Paper.
21. 1. Cameron, A. Colin, and
    2. Pravin K. Trivedi

    . 2005. Microeconometrics: Methods and Applications. Cambridge University Press.
22. 1. Carneiro, Pedro, and
    2. Rita Ginja

    . 2014. “Long-Term Impacts of Compensatory Preschool on Health and Behavior: Evidence from Head Start.” American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, 6(4): 135-173.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
23. 1. Carrell, Scott E., and
    2. Mark L. Hoekstra

    . 2010. “Externalities in the Classroom: How Children Exposed to Domestic Violence Affect Everyone’s Kids.” American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 2(1): 211-228.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
24. 1. Carrell, Scott E.,
    2. Mark Hoekstra, and
    3. Elira Kuka

    . 2018. “The Long-Run Effects of Disruptive Peers.” American Economic Review, 108(11): 3377-3415.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
25. 1. Cengiz, Doruk,
    2. Arindrajit Dube,
    3. Attila Lindner, and
    4. Ben Zipperer

    . 2019. “The Effect of Minimum Wages on Low-Wage Jobs*.” The Quarterly Journal of Economics.
26. 1. Chaisemartin, Clement, and
    2. Xavier D’Haultfoeille

    . 2019. “Two-way Fixed Effects Estimators with Heterogeneous Treatment Effects.” mimeo.
27. 1. Chamberlain, Gary

    . 1980. “Analysis of Covariance with Qualitative Data.” The Review of Economic Studies, 47(1): 225-238.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
28. 1. Chernozhukov, Victor,
    2. Iván Fernández-Val,
    3. Jinyong Hahn, and
    4. Whitney Newey

    . 2013. “Average and Quantile Effects in Nonseparable Panel Models.” Econometrica, 81(2): 535-580.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
29. 1. Chetty, Raj, and
    2. Nathaniel Hendren

    . 2018a. “The Impacts of Neighborhoods on Intergenerational Mobility I: Childhood Exposure Effects*.” The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 133(3): 1107-1162.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
30. 1. Chetty, Raj, and
    2. Nathaniel Hendren

    . 2018b. “The Impacts of Neighborhoods on Intergenerational Mobility II: County-Level Estimates.” The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 133(3): 1163-1228.

    OpenUrl
31. 1. Chorniy, Anna V,
    2. Janet Currie, and
    3. Lyudmyla Sonchak

    . 2018. “Does Prenatal WIC Participation Improve Child Outcomes?” National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper 24691.
32. 1. Collins, William J., and
    2. Marianne H. Wanamaker

    . 2014. “Selection and Economic Gains in the Great Migration of African Americans: New Evidence from Linked Census Data.” American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 6(1): 220-252.

    OpenUrl
33. 1. Currie, Janet, and
    2. Duncan Thomas

    . 1995. “Does Head Start Make a Difference?” American Economic Review, 85(3): 341-364.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
34. 1. Currie, Janet, and
    2. Ishita Rajani

    . 2015. “Within-Mother Estimates of the Effects of WIC on Birth Outcomes in New York City.” Economic Inquiry, 53(4): 1691-1701.

    OpenUrl
35. 1. Currie, Janet, and
    2. Maya Rossin-Slater

    . 2013. “Weathering the storm: Hurricanes and birth outcomes.” Journal of Health Economics, 32(3): 487 - 503.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
36. 1. Deming, David

    . 2009. “Early Childhood Intervention and Life-Cycle Skill Development: Evidence from Head Start.” American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 1(3): 111-134.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
37. 1. Dube, Arindrajit,
    2. T. William Lester, and
    3. Michael Reich

    . 2010. “Minimum Wage Effects Across State Borders: Estimates Using Contiguous Counties.” The Review of Economics and Statistics, 92(4): 945-964.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
38. 1. Dube, Arindrajit,
    2. T. William Lester, and
    3. Michael Reich

    . 2015. “Minimum Wage Shocks, Employment Flows, and Labor Market Frictions.” Journal of Labor Economics, 34(3): 663-704.

    OpenUrl
39. 1. Fernandez-Val, Ivan

    . 2009. “Fixed Effects Estimation of Structural Parameters and Marginal Effects in Panel Probit Models.” Journal of Econometrics, 150(1): 71 - 85.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
40. 1. Figlio, David,
    2. Jonathan Guryan,
    3. Krzysztof Karbownik, and
    4. Jeffrey Roth

    . 2014. “The Effects of Poor Neonatal Health on Children’s Cognitive Development.” American Economic Review, 104(12): 3921-3955.

    OpenUrl
41. 1. Finkelstein, Amy,
    2. Matthew Gentzkow, and
    3. Heidi Williams

    . 2016. “Sources of Geographic Variation in Health Care: Evidence From Patient Migration*.” The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 131(4): 1681-1726.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
42. 1. Garces, Eliana,
    2. Duncan Thomas, and
    3. Janet Currie

    . 2002. “Longer-Term Effects of Head Start.” American Economic Review, 92(4): 999-1012.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
43. 1. Geruso, Michael, and
    2. Dean Spears

    . 2018. “Heat, Humidity, and Infant Mortality in the Developing World.” National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper 24870.
44. 1. Gibbons, Charles E.,
    2. Serrato Juan Carlos Suarez, and Michael B. Urbancic

    . 2018. “Broken or Fixed Effects?” Journal of Econometric Methods, 0(0).
45. 1. Gibbs, Chloe,
    2. Jens Ludwig, and
    3. Douglas L Miller

    . 2013. “Does Head Start Do Any Lasting Good?” Legacies of the War on Poverty, ed. Martha J. Bailey and Sheldon Danziger. Russell Sage Foundation.
46. 1. Goodman-Bacon, Andrew

    . 2018. “Difference-in-Differences with Variation in Treatment Timing.” National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper 25018.
47. 1. Hoxby, Caroline M.

    2000. “The Effects of Class Size on Student Achievement: New Evidence from Population Variation.” Quarterly Journal of Economics, 115(4): 1239-1285.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
48. 1. Hoynes, Hilary,
    2. Diane Whitmore Schanzenbach, and
    3. Douglas Almond

    . 2016. “Long-Run Impacts of Childhood Access to the Safety Net.” American Economic Review, 106(4): 903-934.

    OpenUrl
49. 1. Imai, Kosuke, and
    2. In Song Kim

    . 2019. “When Should We Use Unit Fixed Effects Regression Models for Causal Inference with Longitudinal Data?” American Journal of Political Science, 63(2): 467-490.

    OpenUrl
50. 1. Imbens, Guido W., and
    2. Donald B. Rubin

    . 2015. Causal Inference for Statistics, Social, and Biomedical Sciences: An Introduction. Cambridge University Press.
51. 1. Jayachandran, Seema, and
    2. Rohini Pande

    . 2017. “Why Are Indian Children So Short? The Role of Birth Order and Son Preference.” American Economic Review, 107(9): 2600-2629.

    OpenUrl
52. 1. Johnson, Rucker C., and
    2. C. Kirabo Jackson

    . 2017. “Reducing Inequality Through Dynamic Complementarity: Evidence from Head Start and Public School Spending.” National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper 23489. DOI: 10.3386/w23489.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
53. 1. Kling, Jeffrey R,
    2. Jeffrey B Liebman, and
    3. Lawrence F Katz

    . 2007. “Experimental Analysis of Neighborhood Effects.” Econometrica, 75(1): 83-119.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
54. 1. Lemieux, Thomas

    . 1998. “Estimating the Effects of Unions on Wage Inequality in a Panel Data Model with Comparative Advantage and Nonrandom Selection.” Journal of Labor Economics, 16(2): 261-291.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
55. 1. Leuven, Edwin, and
    2. Monique de Haan

    . 2016. “Head Start and the Distribution of Long Term Education and Labor Market Outcomes.” IZA Institute of Labor Economics Working Paper.
56. 1. Lochner, Lance, and
    2. Enrico Moretti

    . 2015. “Estimating and Testing Models with Many Treatment Levels and Limited Instruments.” The Review of Economics and Statistics, 97(2): 387-397.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
57. 1. Loken, Katrine V.,
    2. Magne Mogstad, and
    3. Matthew Wiswall

    . 2012. “What Linear Estimators Miss: The Effects of Family Income on Child Outcomes.” American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 4(2): 1-35.

    OpenUrl
58. 1. Ludwig, Jens, and
    2. Douglas L. Miller

    . 2007. “Does Head Start Improve Children’s Life Chances? Evidence from a Regression Discontinuity Design.” The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 122(1): 159-208.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
59. 1. Mundlak, Yair

    . 1978. “On the Pooling of Time Series and Cross Section Data.” Econometrica, 46(1): 69-85.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
60. 1. Pages, Remy J.-C.,
    2. Dylan J. Lukes,
    3. Drew H. Bailey, and
    4. Greg J. Duncan

    . 2019. “Elusive Longer-Run Impacts of Head Start: Replications Within and Across Cohorts.” arXiv:1903.01954 [econ, q-fin]. arXiv: 1903.01954.
61. 1. Robins, James M.,
    2. Andrea Rotnitzky, and
    3. Lue Ping Zhao

    . 1995. “Analysis of Semiparametric Regression Models for Repeated Outcomes in the Presence of Missing Data.” Journal of the American Statistical Association, 90(429): 106-121.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
62. 1. Rossin-Slater, Maya

    . 2013. “WIC in your neighborhood: New evidence on the impacts of geographic access to clinics.” Journal of Public Economics, 102: 51-69.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
63. 1. Roy, A. D.

    1951. “Some Thoughts on the Distribution of Earnings.” Oxford Economic Papers, 3(2): 135-146.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
64. 1. Shah, Manisha, and
    2. Bryce Millett Steinberg

    . 2017. “Drought of Opportunities: Contemporaneous and Long-Term Impacts of Rainfall Shocks on Human Capital.” Journal of Political Economy, 125(2): 527-561.

    OpenUrl
65. 1. Sloczynski, Tymon

    . 2018. “A General Weighted Average Representation of the Ordinary and Two-Stage Least Squares Estimands.” Working Paper.
66. 1. Spears, Dean,
    2. Diane Coffey, and
    3. Jere Behrman

    . 2019. “Birth Order, Fertility, and Child Height in India and Africa.” National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper 12289.
67. 1. Stuart, Elizabeth A.,
    2. Stephen R. Cole,
    3. Catherine P. Bradshaw, and
    4. Philip J. Leaf

    . 2011. “The Use of Propensity Scores to Assess the Generalizability of Results from Randomized Trials.” Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series A (Statistics in Society), 174(2): 369-386.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
68. 1. Suri, Tavneet

    . 2011. “Selection and Comparative Advantage in Technology Adoption.” Econometrica, 79(1): 159-209.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
69. 1. Thompson, Owen

    . 2017. “Head Start’s Long-Run Impact: Evidence from the Program’s Introduction.” Journal of Human Resources.
70. 1. Verdier, Valentin, and
    2. Andrew Castro

    . 2019. “Average Treatment Effects for Stayers with Correlated Random Coefficient Models of Panel Data.” mimeo.
71. 1. Wiswall, Matthew

    . 2013. “The dynamics of teacher quality.” Journal of Public Economics, 100: 61-78.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
72. 1. Wooldridge, Jeffrey M.

    2005. “Fixed-Effects and Related Estimators for Correlated Random-Coefficient and Treatment-Effect Panel Data Models.” The Review of Economics and Statistics, 87(2): 385-390.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
73. 1. Wooldridge, Jeffrey M.

    2010. Econometric Analysis of Cross Section and Panel Data. MIT Press.
74. 1. Wooldridge, Jeffrey M.

    2019. “Correlated random effects models with unbalanced panels.” Journal of Econometrics, 211(1): 137 - 150. Annals Issue in Honor of Jerry A. Hausman.

    OpenUrl
75. 1. Xie, Zong-Xian,
    2. Shin-Yi Chou, and
    3. Jin-Tan Liu

    . 2016. “The Short-Run and Long-Run Effects of Birth Weight: Evidence from Large Samples of Siblings and Twins in Taiwan.” Health Economics, 26(7): 910-921.

    OpenUrl