Agricultural Productivity and Fertility Rates: Evidence from the Oil Palm Boom in Indonesia

References

1. 1. Ager, P.,
   2. B. Herz and
   3. M. Brueckner

   . 2019. “Structural Change and the Fertility Transition.” Review of Economics and Statistics 102(4), 806-22.

   OpenUrl
2. 1. Austin, K. G.,
   2. A. Mosnier,
   3. J. Pirker,
   4. I. McCallum,
   5. S. Fritz, and
   6. P. S. Kasibhatla

   . 2017. “Shifting patterns of oil palm driven deforestation in Indonesia and implications for zero-deforestation commitments.” Land Use Policy 69, 41-48.

   OpenUrl
3. 1. Becker, G. S. and
   2. G. Lewis

   . 1973. “On the Interaction between the Quantity and Quality of Children.” Journal of Political Economy 81, 279-88.

   OpenUrlCrossRef
4. 1. Becker, G. S.

   (1981). A treatise on the family. Cambridge Mass. i.a.: Harvard University Press.
5. 1. Becker, S. O.,
   2. F. Cinnirella and
   3. L. Woessmann

   . 2010. “The trade-off between fertility and education. Evidence from before the demographic transition.” Journal of Economic Growth 15(3), 177-204.

   OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
6. 1. Black, D. A.,
   2. N. Kolesnikova,
   3. S. G. Sanders and
   4. L. J. Taylor

   . 2013. “Are Children “Normal”?” Review of Economics and Statistics 95(1), 21-33.

   OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
7. 1. Bleakley, H. and
   2. F. Lange

   . 2009. “Chronic Disease Burden and the Interaction of Education, Fertility, and Growth.” Review of Economics and Statistics 91(1), 52-65.

   OpenUrl
8. 1. Bleakley, H. and
   2. J. Ferrie

   . 2016. “Shocking Behavior: Random Wealth in Antebellum Georgia and Human Capital Across Generations.” The Quarterly Journal of Economics 131(3), 1455-1495.

   OpenUrlCrossRef
9. 1. Brown, J. C. and
   2. T. W. Guinnane

   . 2002. “Fertility transition in a rural, Catholic population. Bavaria, 1880–1910.” Population Studies 56(1), 35-49.

   OpenUrlPubMed
10. 1. Brueckner, M. and
    2. H. Schwandt

    . 2015. “Income and Population Growth”. The Economic Journal 125(589), 1653-76.

    OpenUrl
11. 1. Burney, J. A.,
    2. S. J. Davis and
    3. D. B. Lobell

    . 2010. “Greenhouse gas mitigation by agricultural intensification.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107(26), 12052-57.

    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
12. 1. Byerlee, D.,
    2. W.P. Falcon and
    3. R. Naylor

    . 2017. The tropical oil crop revolution. Food, feed, fuel, and forests. New York, USA: Oxford University Press.
13. 1. Carlson, K. M.,
    2. R. Heilmayr,
    3. H.K. Gibbs,
    4. P. Noojipady,
    5. D. N. Burns,
    6. D. C. Morton et al

    . 2018. “Effect of oil palm sustainability certification on deforestation and fire in Indonesia.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115(1), 121-26.

    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
14. 1. Chatterjee, S. and
    2. T. Vogl

    . 2018. “Escaping Malthus. Economic Growth and Fertility Change in the Developing World.” American Economic Review 108(6), 1440-67.

    OpenUrl
15. 1. Doepke, M.

    2004. “Accounting for Fertility Decline During the Transition to Growth.” Journal of Economic Growth 9(3), 347-83.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
16. 1. Duflo, E. and
    2. R. Pande

    . 2007. “Dams.” The Quarterly Journal of Economics 122(2), 601-46.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
17. 1. Edwards, R. B.

    2019a. Export agriculture and rural poverty: Evidence from Indonesian palm oil. Dartmouth College. Hanover, USA. Available online: https://static1.squarespace.com/static/57d5edcf197aea51693538dc7t/5c98e6b4a4222ff822715558/1553524407756/eard_v9_1903_JIE-merged.pdf [accessed on 22.02.2019].
18. 1. Edwards, R. B.

    2019b. Spillovers from agricultural processing. Dartmouth College. Hanover, USA. Available online: https://farmlabor.ucdavis.edu/sites/g/files/dgvnsk5936/files/inline-files/Ryan%20Edwards%3B%20Ag%20Spillovers.pdf [accessed on 31.03.2021].
19. 1. Euler, M.,
    2. S. Schwarze,
    3. H. Siregar and
    4. M. Qaim

    . 2016. “Oil palm expansion among smallholder farmers in Sumatra, Indonesia.” Journal of Agricultural Economics 67(3), 658-76.

    OpenUrl
20. 1. Euler, M.,
    2. V.V. Krishna,
    3. S. Schwarze,
    4. H. Siregar and
    5. M. Qaim

    . 2017. “Oil palm adoption, household welfare, and nutrition among smallholder farmers in Indonesia.” World Development 93, 219-235.

    OpenUrl
21. 1. Evenson, R. E. and
    2. D. Gollin

    . 2003. “Assessing the impact of the green revolution, 1960 to 2000.” Science 300(5620), 758-62.

    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
22. 1. Feintrenie, L.,
    2. W. K. Chong and
    3. P. Levang

    . 2010. “Why do Farmers Prefer Oil Palm? Lessons Learnt from Bungo District, Indonesia.” Small-scale Forestry 9(3), 379-96.

    OpenUrl
23. 1. Fernihough, A.

    2017. “Human capital and the quantity-quality trade-off during the demographic transition.” Journal of Economic Growth 22(1), 35-65.

    OpenUrl
24. 1. Fischer, G.,
    2. F. O. Nachtergaele,
    3. S. Prieler,
    4. E. Teixeira,
    5. G. Toth,
    6. H. van Velthuizen, et al

    . 2012. Global Agro-Ecological Zones (GAEZ v3.0): Model Documentation. Laxenburg, Austria and Rome, Italy: IIASA and FAO.
25. 1. Galor, O. and
    2. D. N. Weil

    . 1996. “The Gender Gap, Fertility, and Growth.” American Economic Review 86(3), 374-87.

    OpenUrlWeb of Science
26. 1. Galor, O. and
    2. D.N. Weil

    . 2000. “Population, Technology, and Growth. From Malthusian Stagnation to the Demographic Transition and Beyond.” American Economic Review 90(4), 806-28.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
27. 1. Galor, O.

    2005. “From Stagnation to Growth: Unified Growth Theory.” In Handbook of Economic Growth 1, Part A, ed. P. Aghion and S. Durlauf, 171-293. Burlington: Elsevier.
28. 1. Galor, O.

    2012. “The Demographic Transition. Causes and Consequences.” Cliometrica 6 (1), 1-28.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
29. 1. Gatto, M.,
    2. M. Wollni,
    3. R. Asnawi and
    4. M. Qaim

    . 2017. “Oil palm boom, contract farming, and rural economic development. Village-level evidence from Indonesia.” World Development 95, 127-40.

    OpenUrl
30. 1. Grass, I.,
    2. C. Kubitza,
    3. V. V. Krishna,
    4. M. D. Corre,
    5. O. Mußhoff,
    6. P. Pütz, et al

    . 2020. “Trade-offs between multifunctionality and profit in tropical smallholder landscapes.” Nature Communications 11(1), 1-13.

    OpenUrl
31. 1. Grimm, M.,
    2. R. Sparrow and
    3. L. Tasciotti

    . 2015. “Does Electrification Spur the Fertility Transition? Evidence From Indonesia.” Demography 52(5), 1773-96.

    OpenUrl
32. 1. Haggblade, S.,
    2. B. Minten,
    3. C. Pray,
    4. T. Reardon and
    5. D. Zilberman

    . 2017. “The herbicide revolution in developing countries. Patterns, causes, and implications.” The European Journal of Development Research 29(3), 533-59.

    OpenUrl
33. 1. Hazan, M. and
    2. B. Berdugo

    . 2002. “Child Labour, Fertility, and Economic Growth.” The Economic Journal 112(482), 810-28.

    OpenUrl
34. 1. Hull, T. H.

    , ed. 2005. People, population, and policy in Indonesia. Jakarta: Equinox Pub.
35. 1. Jones, L. E.,
    2. A. Schoonbroodt and
    3. M. Tertilt

    . 2010. “Fertility Theories: Can They Explain the Negative Fertility-Income Relationship?” Demography and the Economy: NBER Chapters, National Bureau of Economic Research, 43-100.
36. 1. Koczberski, G.

    2007. “Loose Fruit Mamas. Creating Incentives for Smallholder Women in Oil Palm Production in Papua New Guinea.” World Development 35(7), 1172-85.

    OpenUrl
37. 1. Koh, L. P.,
    2. J. Miettinen,
    3. S.C. Liew and
    4. J. Ghazoul

    . 2011. “Remotely sensed evidence of tropical peatland conversion to oil palm.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 108(12), 5127-32.

    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
38. 1. Krishna, V. V.,
    2. M. Euler,
    3. H. Siregar and
    4. M. Qaim

    . 2017. “Differential livelihood impacts of oil palm expansion in Indonesia.” Agricultural Economics 48(5), 639-53.

    OpenUrl
39. 1. Kubitza, C.,
    2. V.V. Krishna,
    3. Z. Alamsyah and
    4. M. Qaim

    . 2018. “The economics behind an ecological crisis. Livelihood effects of oil palm expansion in Sumatra, Indonesia.” Human Ecology 46 (1), 107-116.

    OpenUrl
40. 1. La Ferrara, E.,
    2. A. Chong and
    3. S. Duryea

    . 2012. “Soap Operas and Fertility: Evidence from Brazil.” American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 4(4), 1-31.

    OpenUrl
41. 1. Levy, V.

    1985. “Cropping Pattern, Mechanization, Child Labor, and Fertility Behavior in a Farming Economy. Rural Egypt.” Economic Development and Cultural Change 33(4), 777-91.

    OpenUrl
42. 1. Li, T. M.

    2015. “Social impacts of oil palm in Indonesia. A gendered perspective from West Kalimantan.” Occasional Paper, 124. Bogor, Indonesia: Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR).
43. 1. Melati, D. N.,
    2. I.N.S. Jaya,
    3. M. Zuhdi,
    4. C. Perez-Cruzado,
    5. L. Fehrmann and
    6. C. Kleinn

    . 2014. “Remote sensing based monitoring of land transformation in Jambi Province, Sumatra.” In The ecological and economic challenges of managing forested landscapes in global context, ed. C. Kleinn, A. Kleinn and L. Fehrmann. Goettingen: Cuvillier Verlag.
44. 1. Ministry of Agriculture

    . 2017. “Basis Data Statistik Pertanian (BDSP).” Available online: http://en.litbang.pertanian.go.id/ [accessed on 25.07.2017].
45. 1. Obidzinski, K.,
    2. R. Andriani,
    3. H. Komarudin and
    4. A. Andrianto

    . 2012. “Environmental and social impacts of oil palm plantations and their implications for biofuel production in Indonesia.” Ecology and Society 17(1), 25.

    OpenUrl
46. 1. Pingali, P.

    2007. “Agricultural mechanization. Adoption patterns and economic impact.” In Handbook of agricultural economics. Agricultural development: farmers, farm production and farm markets, vol. 3, ed. R. Evenson and P. Pingali. Burlington: Elsevier (Handbooks in economics, 18), 2779-805.
47. 1. Pirker, J.,
    2. A. Mosnier,
    3. F. Kraxner,
    4. P. Havlik and
    5. M. Obersteiner

    . 2016. “What are the limits to oil palm expansion?” Global Environmental Change 40, 73-81.

    OpenUrl
48. 1. Qaim, M.

    2016. Genetically Modified Crops and Agricultural Development. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US.
49. 1. Rindfuss, R. R. and
    2. K. L. Brewster

    . 1996. “Childrearing and Fertility.” Population and Development Review 22, 258-89.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
50. 1. Rist, L.,
    2. L. Feintrenie and
    3. P. Levang

    . 2010. “The livelihood impacts of oil palm: Smallholders in Indonesia.” Biodiversity and Conservation 19(4), 1009-24.

    OpenUrl
51. 1. Rosenzweig, M. R. and
    2. R. Evenson

    . 1977. “Fertility, Schooling, and the Economic Contribution of Children of Rural India. An Econometric Analysis.” Econometrica 45(5), 1065-79.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
52. 1. Santika, T.,
    2. K. A. Wilson,
    3. S. Budiharta,
    4. E. A. Law,
    5. T. M. Poh,
    6. M. Ancrenaz et al

    . 2019. “Does oil palm agriculture help alleviate poverty? A multidimensional counterfactual assessment of oil palm development in Indonesia.” World Development 120, 105-17.

    OpenUrl
53. 1. Sobotka, T.,
    2. V. Skirbekk and
    3. D. Philipov

    . 2011. “Economic Recession and Fertility in the Developed World.” Population and Development Review 37(2), 267-306.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
54. 1. Verheye, W.

    2010. “Growth and Production of Oil Palm.” In Land Use, Land Cover and Soil Sciences, ed. W. Verheye. Oxford, UK: Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems.
55. 1. Vogl, T. S.

    2016. “Differential Fertility, Human Capital, and Development.” The Review of Economic Studies 83(1), 365-401.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
56. 1. Wanamaker, M. H.

    2012. “Industrialization and Fertility in the Nineteenth Century. Evidence from South Carolina.” The Journal of Economic History 72(1), 168-96.

    OpenUrl
57. 1. Wilcove, D. S. and
    2. L. P. Koh

    . 2010. “Addressing the threats to biodiversity from oil-palm agriculture.” Biodiversity and Conservation 19(4), 999-1007.

    OpenUrl
58. 1. World Bank

    . 2018a. Official exchange rate (LCU per US$, period average). Available online: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/PA.NUS.FCRF?locations=ID&view=chart [accessed on 06.03.2018].
59. 1. World Bank

    . 2018b. World Development Indicators. Available online: http://databank.worldbank.org/data/reports.aspx?source=world-development-indicators [accessed on 05.03.2018].