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Research ArticleArticles

School Schedule and the Gender Pay Gap

Emma Duchini and Clémentine Van Effenterre
Published online before print March 09, 2022, 0121-11431R2; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3368/jhr.0121-11431R2
Emma Duchini
Emma Duchini is an assistant professor of economics at the University of Essex ().
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  • For correspondence: [email protected]
Clémentine Van Effenterre
Clémentine Van Effenterre is assistant professor of economics at the University of Toronto ().
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  • For correspondence: [email protected]
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Abstract

Co-teaching, in We provide causal evidence that children’s school schedules contribute to the persistence of the gender pay gap between parents. Historically, French children have had no school on Wednesdays. In 2013, a reform reallocated some classes to Wednesday mornings. Exploiting variations in the application of this reform over time and age of the youngest child, we show that mothers are more likely to adopt a regular Monday-Friday full-time working schedule after the reform, while fathers’ labor supply is unchanged. Consequently, the reform decreased the gender gap in monthly wages by 6 percent, generating welfare benefits that substantially outweigh its costs.

JEL codes:
  • H52
  • J13
  • J16
  • J22
Keywords:
  • school schedule
  • gender inequality
  • female labor supply
  • child penalty

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Journal of Human Resources: 60 (3)
Journal of Human Resources
Vol. 60, Issue 3
1 May 2025
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School Schedule and the Gender Pay Gap
Emma Duchini, Clémentine Van Effenterre
Journal of Human Resources Mar 2022, 0121-11431R2; DOI: 10.3368/jhr.0121-11431R2

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School Schedule and the Gender Pay Gap
Emma Duchini, Clémentine Van Effenterre
Journal of Human Resources Mar 2022, 0121-11431R2; DOI: 10.3368/jhr.0121-11431R2
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  • Crossing Borders
  • The Evolution of the Wage Elasticity of Labor Supply over Time
  • The Effects of High School Remediation on Long-Run Educational Attainment
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Keywords

  • H52
  • J13
  • J16
  • J22
  • school schedule
  • gender inequality
  • female labor supply
  • child penalty
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