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Research ArticleArticles

Unintended Consequences of Immigration Enforcement: Household Services and High-Educated Mothers’ Work

Chloe N. East and Andrea Velásquez
Published online before print May 09, 2022, 0920-11197R1; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3368/jhr.0920-11197R1
Chloe N. East
†Chloe East is an Assistant Professor of Economics at the University of Colorado Denver, email:
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Andrea Velásquez
‡Andrea Velásquez is an Assistant Professor of Economics at the University of Colorado Denver, email:
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Abstract

Immigration enforcement has intensified in the U.S., however, there is little evidence on its effect on U.S.-born individuals’ labor outcomes. Exploiting the staggered rollout of a large, federal enforcement policy–Secure Communities (SC)–across local areas, we estimate a difference-in-differences model with time and location fixed effects. We find that SC reduced the labor supply of college-educated U.S.-born mothers with young children. If SC exposure occurred when children are below age 3, the negative effects on labor supply persist over time. We further show increased cost of outsourcing household production, due to reduced undocumented immigrants’ labor supply, is an important mechanism.

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Journal of Human Resources: 58 (5)
Journal of Human Resources
Vol. 58, Issue 5
1 Sep 2023
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Unintended Consequences of Immigration Enforcement: Household Services and High-Educated Mothers’ Work
Chloe N. East, Andrea Velásquez
Journal of Human Resources May 2022, 0920-11197R1; DOI: 10.3368/jhr.0920-11197R1

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Unintended Consequences of Immigration Enforcement: Household Services and High-Educated Mothers’ Work
Chloe N. East, Andrea Velásquez
Journal of Human Resources May 2022, 0920-11197R1; DOI: 10.3368/jhr.0920-11197R1
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