Import Competition and the Gender Employment Gap in China

References

1. 1. Amiti, Mary, and
   2. Jozef Konings

   . 2007. “Trade Liberalization, Intermediate Inputs, and Productivity: Evidence from Indonesia.” American Economic Review 97(5): 1611–1638.

   OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
2. 1. Amiti, Mary, and
   2. Lisa Cameron

   . 2012. “Trade Liberalization and the Wage Skill Premium: Evidence from Indonesia.” Journal of International Economics 87(2): 277–287.

   OpenUrlCrossRef
3. 1. Autor, David,
   2. David Dorn, and
   3. Gordon Hanson

   . 2013. “The China Syndrome: Local labor Market Effects of Import Competition in the United States.” American Economic Review 103(6): 2121–68.

   OpenUrlCrossRef
4. 1. Autor, David,
   2. David Dorn, and
   3. Gordon Hanson

   . 2019. “When Work Disappears: Manufacturing Decline and the Falling Marriage Market Value of Young Men.” American Economic Review: Insights 1(2): 161–78.

   OpenUrl
5. 1. Bartik, Timothy J.

   1991. “Who Benefits from State and Local Economic Development Policies?” Kalamazoo, MI: WE Upjohn Institute for Employment Research.
6. 1. Becker, Gary S.

   1957. The Economics of Discrimination. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
7. 1. Ben Yahmed, Sarra, and
   2. Pamela Bombarda

   . 2020. “Gender, Informal Employment and Trade Liberalization in Mexico.” The World Bank Economic Review 34(2): 259–283.

   OpenUrl
8. 1. Berkowitz, Daniel,
   2. Hong Ma, and
   3. Shuichiro Nishioka

   . 2017. “Recasting the Iron Rice Bowl: The Reform of China’s State-owned Enterprises.” Review of Economics and Statistics 99(4): 735–747.

   OpenUrl
9. 1. Black, Sandra E., and
   2. Elizabeth Brainerd

   . 2004. “Importing Equality? The Impact of Globalization on Gender Discrimination.” ILR Review 57(4): 540–559.

   OpenUrlCrossRef
10. 1. Bloom, Nicholas,
    2. Mirko Draca, and
    3. John Van Reenen

    . 2016. “Trade Induced Technical Change? The Impact of Chinese Imports on Innovation, IT and Productivity.” The Review of Economic Studies 83(1): 87–117.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
11. 1. Boehnke, Jörn, and
    2. Victor Gay

    . 2020. “The Missing Men World War I and Female Labor Force Participation.” Journal of Human Resources 10151R1.
12. 1. Brandt, Loren,
    2. Gueorgui Kambourov, and
    3. Kjetil Storesletten

    . 2020. “Barriers to Entry and Regional Economic Growth in China.” Working Papers tecipa-622, University of Toronto, Department of Economics.
13. 1. Brandt, Loren,
    2. Johannes Van Biesebroeck,
    3. Luhang Wang, and
    4. Yifan Zhang

    2017. “WTO Accession and Performance of Chinese Manufacturing Firms.” American Economic Review 107(9): 2784–2820.

    OpenUrl
14. 1. Chen, Bo,
    2. Miaojie Yu, and
    3. Zhihao Yu

    . 2017. “Measured Skill Premia and Input Trade Liberalization: Evidence from Chinese Firms.” Journal of International Economics 109: 31–42.

    OpenUrl
15. 1. Chen, Xi, and
    2. Suqin Ge

    . 2018. “Social Norms and Female Labor Force Participation in Urban China.” Journal of Comparative Economics 46(4): 966–987.

    OpenUrl
16. 1. Chen, Zhihong,
    2. Ying Ge,
    3. Huiwen Lai, and
    4. Chi Wan

    . 2013 “Globalization and Gender Wage Inequality in China.” World Development, 44: 256–266.

    OpenUrl
17. 1. Chi, Wei, and
    2. Bo Li

    . 2014. “Trends in China’s Gender Employment and Pay gap: Estimating Gender Pay Gaps with Employment Selection.” Journal of Comparative Economics 42(3): 708–725.

    OpenUrl
18. 1. Dai, Mi,
    2. Wei Huang, and
    3. Yifan Zhang

    . 2021. “How Do Households Adjust to Tariff Liberalization? Evidence from China’s WTO Accession.” Journal of Development Economics 150: 102628.

    OpenUrl
19. 1. de Bruin, Anne, and
    2. Na Liu

    . 2020. “The Urbanization-household Gender Inequality Nexus: Evidence from Time Allocation in China.” China Economic Review 60: 101301.

    OpenUrl
20. 1. Dix-Carneiro, Rafael, and
    2. Brian K. Kovak

    . 2017. “Trade Liberalization and Regional Dynamics.” American Economic Review 107(10): 2908–46.

    OpenUrl
21. 1. Dix-Carneiro, Rafael, and
    2. Brian K. Kovak

    . 2019. “Margins of Labor Market Adjustment to Trade.” Journal of International Economics 117: 125–142.

    OpenUrl
22. 1. Donaldson, Dave, and
    2. Adam Storeygard

    . 2016. “The View from Above: Applications of Satellite Data in Economics.” Journal of Economic Perspectives 30(4): 171–98.

    OpenUrl
23. 1. Facchini, Giovanni,
    2. Maggie Y. Liu,
    3. Anna Maria Mayda, and
    4. Minghai Zhou

    . 2019. “China’s “Great Migration”: The Impact of the Reduction in Trade Policy Uncertainty.” Journal of International Economics 120: 126–144.

    OpenUrl
24. 1. Feng, Shuaizhang, and
    2. Naijia Guo

    . 2021. “Labor Market Dynamics in Urban China and the Role of the State Sector.” Journal of Comparative Economics 49(4): 918–932.

    OpenUrl
25. 1. Gaddis, Isis, and
    2. Janneke Pieters

    . 2017. “The Gendered Labor Market Impacts of Trade Liberalization Evidence from Brazil.” Journal of Human Resources 52(2): 457–490.

    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
26. 1. Girma, Sourafel,
    2. Yundan Gong,
    3. Holger Görg, and
    4. Zhihong Yu

    . 2009. “Can Production Subsidies Explain China’s Export Performance? Evidence from Firm-level Data.” The Scandinavian Journal of Economics 111(4): 863–891.

    OpenUrl
27. 1. Goldberg, Pinelopi Koujianou,
    2. Amit Kumar Khandelwal,
    3. Nina Pavcnik, and
    4. Petia Topalova

    . 2010. “Imported Intermediate Inputs and Domestic Product Growth: Evidence from India.” The Quarterly Journal of Economics 125(4): 1727–1767.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
28. 1. Goldberg, Pinelopi Koujianou, and
    2. Nina Pavcnik

    . 2005. “Trade, Wages, and the Political Economy of Trade Protection: Evidence from the Colombian Trade Reforms.” Journal of International Economics 66(1): 75–105.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
29. 1. Goldberg, Pinelopi Koujianou, and
    2. Nina Pavcnik

    . 2007. “Distributional Effects of Globalization in Developing Countries.” Journal of Economic Literature 45(1): 39–82.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
30. 1. Han, Jun,
    2. Runjuan Liu, and
    3. Junsen Zhang

    . 2012. “Globalization and Wage Inequality: Evidence from Urban China.” Journal of International Economics 87(2): 288–297.

    OpenUrl
31. 1. Han, Jun,
    2. Runjuan Liu,
    3. Beyza Ural Marchand, and
    4. Junsen Zhang

    . 2016. “Market Structure, Imperfect Tariff Pass-through, and Household Welfare in Urban China.” Journal of International Economics 100: 220–232.

    OpenUrl
32. 1. Hare, Denise

    . 2016. “What Accounts for the Decline in Labor Force Participation among Married Women in Urban China, 1991-2011?” China Economic Review 38: 251–266.

    OpenUrl
33. 1. Hellerstein, Judith K., and
    2. David Neumark

    . 2009. “Using Matched EmployerEmployee Data to Study Labor Market Discrimination.” In Handbook on the Economics of Discrimination, ed. William M. Rodgers, 29–60. Northampton: Edward Elgar Publishing.
34. 1. Hellerstein, J. K.,
    2. D. Neumark, and
    3. K. R. Troske

    . 2002. “Market Forces and Sex Discrimination.” Journal of Human Resources 37(2): 353–380.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
35. 1. Helm, Ines

    . 2020. “National Industry Trade Shocks, Local Labour Markets, and Agglomeration Spillovers.” The Review of Economic Studies 87(3): 1399–1431.

    OpenUrl
36. 1. Henderson, J. Vernon,
    2. Adam Storeygard, and
    3. David N. Weil

    . 2012. “Measuring Economic Growth from Outer Space.” American Economic Review 102(2): 994–1028.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
37. 1. Hirata, Guilherme, and
    2. Rodrigo R. Soares

    . 2020. “Competition and the Racial Wage Gap: Evidence from Brazil.” Journal of Development Economics 146: 102519.

    OpenUrl
38. International Labour Office (ILO). 2019. “Issues to Be Addressed in the Revision of the Standards for Statistics on Informality.” Discussion paper, Department of Statistics.
39. 1. Juhn, Chinhui,
    2. Gergely Ujhelyi, and
    3. Carolina Villegas-Sanchez

    . 2014. “Men, Women, and Machines: How Trade Impacts Gender Inequality.” Journal of Development Economics 106: 179–193.

    OpenUrl
40. 1. Keller, Wolfgang, and
    2. Hâle Utar

    . 2018. “Globalization, Gender, and the Family.” Working Paper No. 25247, National Bureau of Economic Research.
41. 1. Kis-Katos, Krisztina,
    2. Janneke Pieters, and
    3. Robert Sparrow

    . 2018. “Globalization and Social Change: Gender-Specific Effects of Trade Liberalization in Indonesia.” IMF Economic Review 66(4): 763–793.

    OpenUrl
42. 1. Klasen, Stephan

    . 2019. “What Explains Uneven Female Labor Force Participation Levels and Trends in Developing Countries?” The World Bank Research Observer 34(2): 161–197.

    OpenUrl
43. 1. Klasen, Stephan, and
    2. Janneke Pieters

    . 2015. “What Explains the Stagnation of Female Labor Force Participation in Urban India?” The World Bank Economic Review 29(3): 449–478.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
44. 1. Kovak, Brian K.

    2013. “Regional Effects of Trade Reform: What Is the Correct Measure of Liberalization?” American Economic Review 103(5): 1960–76.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
45. 1. Li, Bingjing

    . 2018. “Export Expansion, Skill Acquisition and Industry Specialization: Evidence from China.” Journal of International Economics 114: 346–361.

    OpenUrl
46. 1. Li, Jie,
    2. Yi Lu,
    3. Hong Song, and
    4. Huihua Xie

    . 2019. “Long-term Impact of Trade Liberalization on Human Capital Formation.” Journal of Comparative Economics 47(4): 946–961.

    OpenUrl
47. 1. Li, Shi, and
    2. Jin Song

    . 2013. “Changes in the Gender-wage Gap in Urban China, 1995-2007.” In Rising Inequality in China: Challenges to a Harmonious Society, ed. Li Shi, Sato Hiroshi, and Sicular Terry, 384–413. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
48. 1. Liu, Qing, and
    2. Larry D. Qiu

    . 2016. “Intermediate Input Imports and Innovations: Evidence from Chinese Firms’ Patent Filings.” Journal of International Economics 103: 166–183.

    OpenUrl
49. 1. Lu, Yi, and
    2. Linhui Yu

    . 2015. “Trade Liberalization and Markup Dispersion: Evidence from China’s WTO Accession.” American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 7(4): 221–53.

    OpenUrl
50. 1. Ma, Hong,
    2. Xue Qiao, and
    3. Yuan Xu

    . 2015. “Job Creation and Job Destruction in China during 1998-2007.” Journal of Comparative Economics 43(4): 1085–1100.

    OpenUrl
51. 1. Maurer-Fazio, Margaret,
    2. Margaret, Rachel Connelly,
    3. Lan Chen, and
    4. Lixin Tang

    . 2011. “Childcare, Eldercare, and Labor Force Participation of Married Women in Urban China, 1982-2000.” Journal of Human Resources 46(2): 261–294.

    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
52. 1. Meng, Xin

    . 2012. “Labor Market Outcomes and Reforms in China.” Journal of Economic Perspectives 26(4): 75–102.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
53. Minnesota Population Center. 2019. “Integrated Public Use Microdata Series, International: Version 7.2” [dataset]. Minneapolis, MN: IPUMS. https://doi.org/10.18128/D020.V7.2. Accessed: 2019-01-01.
54. 1. Ou, Dongshu, and
    2. Zhong Zhao

    . 2016. “Higher Education Expansion and Labor Market Outcomes for Young College Graduates.” IZA Discussion Papers 9643, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
55. 1. Park, Albert,
    2. Yaowu Wu, and
    3. Yang Du

    . 2012. “Informal Employment in Urban China: Measurement and Implications.” Working Paper 77737, The World Bank.
56. 1. Pierce, Justin R., and
    2. Peter K. Schott

    . 2016. “The Surprisingly Swift Decline of US Manufacturing Employment.” American Economic Review 106(7): 1632–62.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
57. 1. Rodriguez-Lopez, Antonio, and
    2. Miaojie Yu

    . 2017. “All-Around Table Liberalization and Firm-Level Employment: Theory and Evidence from China.” CESifo Working Paper Series 6710, CESifo Group Munich.
58. 1. Sauré, Philip, and
    2. Hosny Zoabi

    . 2014. “International Trade, the Gender Wage Gap and Female Labor Force Participation.” Journal of Development Economics 111: 17–33.

    OpenUrl
59. 1. Tang, Heiwai, and
    2. Yifan Zhang

    . 2021. “Do Multinationals Transfer Culture? Evidence on Female Employment in China.” Journal of International Economics 133: 103518.
60. 1. Topalova, Petia

    . 2010. “Factor Immobility and Regional Impacts of Trade Liberalization: Evidence on Poverty from India.” American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 2(4): 1–41.

    OpenUrl
61. 1. Wang, Feicheng,
    2. Chris Milner, and
    3. Juliane Scheffel

    . 2021. “Labour Market Reform and Firm-Level Employment Adjustment: Evidence from the Hukou Reform in China.” Journal of Development Economics 149: 102584.

    OpenUrl
62. 1. Wang, Feicheng,
    2. Zhe Liang, and
    3. Hartmut Lehmann

    . 2021. “Import Competition and Informal Employment: Empirical Evidence from China.” IZA Discussion Papers 14650, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
63. World Bank. 2018. “The World Integrated Trade Solution (WITS) Database.” Washington, DC: The World Bank. Available at https://wits.worldbank.org. Accessed 2018-08-10.
64. 1. Yu, Miaojie

    . 2015. “Processing Trade, Tariff Reductions and Firm Productivity: Evidence from Chinese Firms.” The Economic Journal 125(585): 943–988.

    OpenUrl