Skip to main content

Main menu

  • Home
  • Content
    • Current
    • Ahead of print
    • Archive
    • Supplementary Material
  • Info for
    • Authors
    • Subscribers
    • Institutions
    • Advertisers
  • About Us
    • About Us
    • Editorial Board
  • Connect
    • Feedback
    • Help
    • Request JHR at your library
  • Alerts
  • Call for Editor
  • Free Issue
  • Special Issue
  • Other Publications
    • UWP

User menu

  • Register
  • Subscribe
  • My alerts
  • Log in
  • My Cart

Search

  • Advanced search
Journal of Human Resources
  • Other Publications
    • UWP
  • Register
  • Subscribe
  • My alerts
  • Log in
  • My Cart
Journal of Human Resources

Advanced Search

  • Home
  • Content
    • Current
    • Ahead of print
    • Archive
    • Supplementary Material
  • Info for
    • Authors
    • Subscribers
    • Institutions
    • Advertisers
  • About Us
    • About Us
    • Editorial Board
  • Connect
    • Feedback
    • Help
    • Request JHR at your library
  • Alerts
  • Call for Editor
  • Free Issue
  • Special Issue
  • Follow uwp on Twitter
  • Follow JHR on Bluesky
Research ArticleArticles

Are Children’s Socio-Emotional Skills Shaped by Parental Health Shocks?

Esteban García-Miralles and Miriam Gensowski
Published online before print January 09, 2023, 0820-11091R2; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3368/jhr.0820-11091R2
Esteban García-Miralles
Esteban García-Miralles is a Senior Economist at the Bank of Spain (corresponding author: ).
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • For correspondence: esteban.garcia.miralles{at}bde.es
Miriam Gensowski
Miriam Gensowski is a Senior Researcher at the Rockwool Foundation’s Research Unit and research Affiliate at IZA.
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • Article
  • Figures & Data
  • Supplemental
  • Info & Metrics
  • References
  • PDF
Loading

References

    1. Akee, R.,
    2. E. Simeonova,
    3. E. J. Costello, and
    4. W. Copeland
    (2018). How Does Household Income Affect Child Personality Traits and Behaviors? American Economic Review 108(3), 775–827.
    OpenUrlPubMed
    1. Alam, S. A.
    (2015). Parental health shocks, child labor and educational outcomes: Evidence from Tanzania. Journal of Health Economics 44, 161–175.
    OpenUrl
    1. Almlund, M.,
    2. A. L. Duckworth,
    3. J. J. Heckman, and
    4. T. Kautz
    (2011). Personality Psychology and Economics. In E. A. Hanushek, S. Machin, and L. Woessmann (Eds.), Handbook of the Economics of Education, Volume 4, Chapter 1, pp. 1–181. Elsevier B.V.
    OpenUrl
    1. Almond, D.,
    2. J. Currie, and
    3. V. Duque
    (2018). Childhood circumstances and adult outcomes: Act ii. Journal of Economic Literature 56(4), 1360–1446.
    OpenUrl
    1. Andersen, S. C.,
    2. M. Gensowski,
    3. S. Ludeke, and
    4. O. P. John
    (2020). A stable relationship between personality and academic performance from childhood through adolescence. An original study and replication in hundred-thousand-person samples. Journal of Personality 88(5), 925–939.
    OpenUrl
    1. Andersen, S. C.,
    2. M. Gensowski,
    3. S. Ludeke,
    4. J. H. Pedersen,
    5. L. V. Beuchert-Pedersen,
    6. J. Niclasen,
    7. R. Piatek, and
    8. M. K. Thomsen
    (2015). Evaluering af den nationale trivselsmåling for folkeskoler-og forslag til justeringer. Report, TrygFondens Børneforskningscenter, for Undervisningsministeriet.
    1. Andrews, R. J. and
    2. T. D. Logan
    (2010). Health, Children's Own Health, and Test Score Gaps. The American Economic Review: Papers and Proceedings 100(2), 195–199.
    OpenUrl
    1. Autor, D.,
    2. D. Figlio,
    3. K. Karbownik,
    4. J. Roth, and
    5. M. Wasserman
    (2019). Family Disadvantage and the Gender Gap in Behavioral and Educational Outcomes. American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 11(3), 338–381.
    OpenUrl
    1. Baranov, V.,
    2. S. Bhalotra,
    3. P. Biroli, and
    4. J. Maselko
    (2020). Maternal Depression, Women’s Empowerment, and Parental Investment: Evidence from a Randomized Controlled Trial. American Economic Review 110(3), 824–859.
    OpenUrl
    1. Becker, G. S. and
    2. N. Tomes
    (1986). Human Capital and the Rise and Fall of Families. Journal of Labor Economics 4(3 Pt. 2), 1–47.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
    1. Bertrand, M. and
    2. J. Pan
    (2013). The Trouble with Boys: Social Influences and the Gender Gap in Disruptive Behavior. American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 5(1), 32–64.
    OpenUrlCrossRef
    1. Bhalotra, S. and
    2. S. B. Rawlings
    (2011). Intergenerational persistence in health in developing countries: The penalty of gender inequality? Journal of Public Economics 95(3-4), 286–299.
    OpenUrlCrossRef
    1. Bharadwaj, P.,
    2. J. P. Eberhard, and
    3. C. A. Neilson
    (2018). Health at birth, parental investments, and academic outcomes. Journal of Labor Economics 36(2), 349–394.
    OpenUrl
    1. Black, S. E.,
    2. E. Grönqvist, and
    3. B. Öckert
    (2018). Born to Lead? The Effect of Birth Order on Noncognitive Abilities. Review of Economics and Statistics 100(2), 274–286.
    OpenUrl
    1. Bleidorn, W.
    (2012). Hitting the Road to Adulthood: Short-Term Personality Development During a Major Life Transition. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 38(12), 1594–1608.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
    1. Bleidorn, W.
    (2015). What Accounts for Personality Maturation in Early Adulthood? Current Directions in Psychological Science 24(3), 245–252.
    OpenUrlCrossRef
    1. Bleidorn, W.,
    2. P. L. Hill,
    3. M. D. Back,
    4. J. J. Denissen,
    5. M. Hennecke,
    6. C. J. Hopwood,
    7. M. Jokela,
    8. C. Kandler,
    9. R. E. Lucas,
    10. M. Luhmann,
    11. U. Orth,
    12. J. Wagner,
    13. C. Wrzus,
    14. J. Zimmermann, and
    15. B. W. Roberts
    (2019). The policy relevance of personality traits. American Psychologist 74(9), 1056–1067.
    OpenUrl
    1. Bleidorn, W.,
    2. C. J. Hopwood,
    3. R. A. Ackerman,
    4. E. A. Witt,
    5. C. Kandler,
    6. R. Riemann,
    7. D. B. Samuel, and
    8. M. B. Donnellan
    (2020). The Healthy Personality From a Basic Trait Perspective. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 118(6), 1207–1225.
    OpenUrl
    1. Borusyak, K.,
    2. X. Jaravel, and
    3. J. Spiess
    (2021). Revisiting event study designs: Robust and efficient estimation. arXiv preprint arXiv:2108.12419.
    1. Bratti, M. and
    2. M. Mendola
    (2014). Parental health and child schooling. Journal of Health Economics 35, 94–108.
    OpenUrl
    1. Brenøe, A. A. and
    2. S. Lundberg
    (2018). Gender gaps in the effects of childhood family environment: Do they persist into adulthood? European Economic Review 109, 42–62.
    OpenUrl
    1. Charles, K. K.
    (2003). The Longitudinal Structure of Earnings Losses among Work-Limited Disabled Workers. Journal of Human Resources 38(3), 618–646.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
    1. Charles, K. K. and
    2. M. Stephens
    (2004). Job displacement, disability, and divorce. Journal of Labor Economics 22(2), 489–522.
    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
    1. Chen, S. H.,
    2. Y. C. Chen, and
    3. J. T. Liu
    (2009). The impact of unexpected maternal death on education: First evidence from three national administrative data links. American Economic Review 99(2), 149–153.
    OpenUrlCrossRef
    1. Cobb-Clark, D. A. and
    2. S. Schurer
    (2012). The stability of big-five personality traits. Economics Letters 115(1), 11–15.
    OpenUrlCrossRef
    1. Cobb-Clark, D. A. and
    2. S. Schurer
    (2013). Two Economists' Musings on the Stability of Locus of Control. The Economic Journal 123(August), F358–F400.
    OpenUrl
    1. Cuadros-Menaca, A.,
    2. A. Gaduh, and
    3. G. Zamarro
    (2017). The effect of parental health shocks on non-cognitive skills formation in a developing country. In Essays on Non-Cognitive Skills, Child Labor and Working Conditions, Ph. D. thesis. University of Arkansas.
    1. Cunha, F. and
    2. J. J. Heckman
    (2007). The Technology of Skill Formation. The American Economic Review: Papers and Proceedings 97(2), 31–47.
    OpenUrl
    1. Currie, J. and
    2. E. Moretti
    (2007). Biology as Destiny? Short- and Long- Run Determinants of Intergenerational Transmission of Birth Weight. Journal of Labor Economics 25(2), 231–264.
    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
    1. Dahl, G. B. and
    2. L. J. Lochner
    (2012, aug). The Impact of Family Income on Child Achievement: Evidence from the Earned Income Tax Credit. The American Economic Review 102(5), 1927–1956.
    OpenUrlCrossRef
    1. Dinku, Y.,
    2. D. Fielding, and
    3. M. Genç
    (2018). Health Shocks and Child Time Allocation Decisions by Households: Evidence from Ethiopia. IZA Journal of Labor Economics 7(1).
    1. Dobkin, C.,
    2. A. Finkelstein,
    3. R. Kluender, and
    4. M. J. Notowidigdo
    (2018). The Economic Consequences of Hospital Admissions. American Economic Review 108(2), 308–352.
    OpenUrlPubMed
    1. Elkins, R. and
    2. S. Schurer
    (2020). Exploring the role of parental engagement in non-cognitive skill development over the lifecourse. Journal of Population Economics 33(3), 957–1004.
    OpenUrl
    1. Elkins, R. K.,
    2. S. C. Kassenboehmer, and
    3. S. Schurer
    (2017). The stability of personality traits in adolescence and young adulthood. Journal of Economic Psychology 60, 37–52.
    OpenUrlCrossRef
    1. Fadlon, I. and
    2. T. H. Nielsen
    (2021). Family Labor Supply Responses to Severe Health Shocks: Evidence from Danish Administrative Records. American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 13(3), 1–30.
    OpenUrl
    1. Gensowski, M.,
    2. S. G. Ludeke,
    3. O. P. John, and
    4. S. C. Andersen
    (2021). Academic self perceptions in a national Danish sample: Predictive power and development from grade 4 to 9. Journal of Research in Personality 92, 104090.
    OpenUrl
    1. Giurge, L. M.,
    2. A. V. Whillans, and
    3. A. Yemiscigil
    (2021). A multicountry perspective on gender differences in time use during COVID-19. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 118(12).
    1. Golsteyn, B. and
    2. C. A. J. Magnée
    (2017). Does Birth Spacing Affect Personality? Journal of Economic Psychology 60, 92–108.
    OpenUrl
    1. Golsteyn, B. H. and
    2. C. A. Magnée
    (2020). Does sibling gender affect personality traits? Economics of Education Review 77, 102016.
    OpenUrl
    1. Grogger, J.
    (1995). The Effect of Arrests on the Employment and Earnings of Young Men. Quarterly Journal of Economics 110(1), 51–71.
    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
    1. Heckman, J. J. and
    2. S. Mosso
    (2014). The Economics of Human Development and Social Mobility. Annual Review of Economics 6(1), 689–733.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
    1. Heckman, J. J.,
    2. R. Pinto, and
    3. P. A. Savelyev
    (2013). Understanding the Mechanisms Through Which an Influential Early Childhood Program Boosted Adult Outcomes. The American Economic Review 103(6), 2052–2086.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
    1. Heckman, J. J.,
    2. J. Stixrud, and
    3. S. Urzua
    (2006). The Effects of Cognitive and Noncognitive Abilities on Labor Market Outcomes and Social Behavior. Journal of Labor Economics 24(3), 411–482.
    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
    1. Jackson, J. J. and
    2. M. Allemand
    (2014). Moving Personality Development Research Forward: Applications Using Structural Equation Models. European Journal of Personality 28(3), 300–310.
    OpenUrl
    1. John, O. P. and
    2. S. Srivastava
    (1999). The Big-Five Trait Taxonomy: History, Measurement, and Theoretical Perspectives. In Handbook of Personality: Theory and Research, Number 510.
    1. Johnson, E. and
    2. C. L. Reynolds
    (2013). The effect of household hospitalizations on the educational attainment of youth. Economics of Education Review 37, 165–182.
    OpenUrl
    1. Kalil, A. and
    2. R. Ryan
    (2020). Parenting practices and socioeconomic gaps in childhood outcomes. Future of Children 30(1), 29 – 54.
    OpenUrl
    1. Kotov, R.,
    2. W. Gamez,
    3. F. Schmidt, and
    4. D. Watson
    (2010). Linking “Big” Personality Traits to Anxiety, Depressive, and Substance Use Disorders: A Meta-Analysis. Psychological Bulletin 136(5), 768–821.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
    1. Kristiansen, I. L.
    (2021). Consequences of serious parental health events on child mental health and educational outcomes. Health Economics 30(8), 1772–1817.
    OpenUrl
    1. Laird, J.,
    2. N. F. Nielsen, and
    3. T. H. Nielsen
    (2020). Differential Effects of the Timing of Divorce on Children’s outcomes: Evidence from Denmark. CEBI working paper series 20-11, University of Copenhagen.
    1. Lareau, A.
    (2011). Unequal childhoods: Class, race, and family life, with an update a decade later. University of California Press.
    1. Le, H. T. and
    2. H. T. Nguyen
    (2017). Parental health and children’s cognitive and noncognitive development: New evidence from the longitudinal survey of Australian children. Health Economics 26(12), 1767–1788.
    OpenUrl
    1. Lee, D. S.
    (2009). Training, Wages, and Sample Selection: Estimating Sharp Bounds on Treatment Effects. Review of Economic Studies 76(3), 1071–1102.
    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
    1. Lei, Z. and
    2. S. Lundberg
    (2020). Vulnerable Boys: Short-term and Long-term Gender Differences in the Impacts of Adolescent Disadvantage. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization 178, 424–448.
    OpenUrl
    1. Lindqvist, E. and
    2. R. Vestman
    (2011). The Labor Market Returns to Cognitive and Noncognitive Ability: Evidence from the Swedish Enlistment. American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 3(January), 101–128.
    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
    1. Lucas, R. E. and
    2. M. B. Donnellan
    (2011). Personality development across the life span: Longitudinal analyses with a national sample from Germany. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 101(4), 847–861.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
    1. Ludeke, S. G.,
    2. M. Gensowski,
    3. S. Y. Junge,
    4. R. M. Kirkpatrick,
    5. O. P. John, and
    6. S. C. Andersen
    (2021). Does Parental Education Influence Child Educational Outcomes? A Developmental Analysis in a Full-Population Sample and Adoptee Design. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 120(4), 1074–1090.
    OpenUrl
    1. Lüdtke, O.,
    2. B. W. Roberts,
    3. U. Trautwein, and
    4. G. Nagy
    (2011). A Random Walk Down University Avenue: Life Paths, Life Events, and Personality Trait Change at the Transition to University Life. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 101(3), 620–637.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
    1. Lundberg, S.
    (2017). Father Absence and the Educational Gender Gap. IZA Discussion Paper (10814).
    1. Lundborg, P.,
    2. M. Nordin, and
    3. D. O. Rooth
    (2018). The intergenerational transmission of human capital: the role of skills and health. Journal of Population Economics 31(4), 1035–1065.
    OpenUrl
    1. McCrae, R. R. and
    2. P. T. J. Costa
    (1999). A five-factor theory of personality. In A. Pervin and O. P. John (Eds.), Handbook of personality, pp. 139–153. New York: Guilford.
    1. McCrae, R. R. and
    2. O. P. John
    (1992). An Introduction to the Five-Factor Model and Its Applications. Journal of Personality 60(2), 175–215.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
    1. McGue, M.,
    2. A. Rustichini, and
    3. W. G. Iacono
    (2017). Cognitive, Noncognitive, and Family Background Contributions to College Attainment: A Behavioral Genetic Perspective. Journal of Personality 85(1), 65–78.
    OpenUrlCrossRef
    1. Moffitt, T. E.,
    2. L. Arseneault,
    3. D. Belsky,
    4. N. Dickson,
    5. R. J. Hancox,
    6. H. Harrington,
    7. R. Houts,
    8. R. Poulton,
    9. B. W. Roberts,
    10. S. Ross,
    11. M. R. Sears,
    12. W. M. Thomson, and
    13. A. Caspi
    (2011). A gradient of childhood self-control predicts health, wealth, and public safety. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 108(7), 2693–8.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
    1. Mühlenweg, A. M.,
    2. F. G. Westermaier, and
    3. B. Morefield
    (2016). Parental health and child behavior: evidence from parental health shocks. Review of Economics of the Household 14(3), 577–598.
    OpenUrl
    1. Persson, P. and
    2. M. Rossin-Slater
    (2018). Family Ruptures, Stress, and the Mental Health of the Next Generation. American Economic Review 108(4-5), 1253–1255.
    OpenUrl
    1. Prevoo, T. and
    2. B. ter Weel
    (2015). The Effect of Family Disruption on Children’s Personality Development: Evidence from British Longitudinal Data. De Economist 163, 61–93.
    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
    1. Riphahn, R. T.
    (1999). Income and employment effects of health shocks: A test case for the German welfare state. Journal of Population Economics 12(3), 363–389.
    OpenUrlCrossRef
    1. Roberts, B. W. and
    2. W. F. DelVecchio
    (2000). The Rank-Order Consistency of Personality Traits From Childhood to Old Age: A Quantitative Review of Longitudinal Studies. Psychological Bulletin 126(1), 3–25.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
    1. Roberts, B. W.,
    2. N. R. Kuncel,
    3. R. Shiner,
    4. A. Caspi, and
    5. L. R. Goldberg
    (2007). The Power of Personality: The Comparative Validity of Personality Traits, Socioeconomic Status, and Cognitive Ability for Predicting Important Life Outcomes. Perspectives on Psychological Science 2(4), 313–345.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
    1. Roberts, B. W.,
    2. C. Lejuez,
    3. R. F. Krueger,
    4. J. M. Richards, and
    5. P. L. Hill
    (2014). What is Conscientiousness and How can it be Assessed? Developmental Psycholgy 50(5), 1315–1330.
    OpenUrl
    1. Rodriguez-Ramos, A.,
    2. J. A. Moriana,
    3. F. Garcia-Torres, and
    4. M. Ruiz-Rubio
    (2021). Emotional stability is related to 2D:4D and social desirability in women: Possible implications on subjective well-being and psychopathology. PLoS ONE 16(3 March), 1–16.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
    1. Schurer, S.
    (2017). Does education strengthen the life skills of adolescents? IZA World of Labor (June), 1–11.
    1. Senne, J.-N.
    (2014). Death and schooling decisions over the short and long run in rural madagascar. Journal of Population Economics 27(2), 497–528.
    OpenUrl
    1. Smith, J. P.
    (1999). Healthy bodies and thick wallets: The dual relation between health and economic status. Journal of Economic Perspectives 13(2), 145–166.
    OpenUrlPubMed
    1. Smith, J. P.
    (2013). Consequences and Predictors of New Health Events. In D. A. Wise (Ed.), Analyses in the Economics of Aging, Chapter 7, pp. 213–237. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
    1. Soto, C. J.
    (2016). The Little Six Personality Dimensions From Early Childhood to Early Adulthood: Mean-Level Age and Gender Differences in Parents' Reports. Journal of Personality 84(4), 409–422.
    OpenUrl
    1. Soto, C. J.,
    2. O. P. John,
    3. S. D. Gosling, and
    4. J. Potter
    (2011). Age Differences in Personality Traits from 10 to 65: Big Five Domains and Facets in a Large Cross-Sectional Sample. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 100(2), 330–348.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
    1. Specht, J.,
    2. B. Egloff, and
    3. S. C. Schmukle
    (2011). Stability and change of personality across the life course: The impact of age and major life events on mean-level and rank-order stability of the Big Five. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 101(4), 862–882.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
    1. Thielemans, G.,
    2. P. Fallesen, and
    3. D. Mortelmans
    (2021). Division of Household Labor and Relationship Dissolution in Denmark 2001-2009. Journal of Family Issues 42(7), 1582–1606.
    OpenUrl
    1. van den Akker, A. L.,
    2. M. Dekovic,
    3. J. Asscher, and
    4. P. Prinzie
    (2014). Mean-Level Personality Development Across Childhood and Adolescence: A Temporary Defiance of the Maturity Principle and Bidirectional Associations With Parenting. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 107(4), 736–750.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
    1. Wu, S.
    (2003). The Effects of Health Events on the Economic Status of Married Couples. The Journal of Human Resources 38(1), 219–230.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
PreviousNext
Back to top

In this issue

Journal of Human Resources: 60 (6)
Journal of Human Resources
Vol. 60, Issue 6
1 Nov 2025
  • Table of Contents
  • Table of Contents (PDF)
  • Cover (PDF)
  • Index by author
  • Front Matter (PDF)
Download PDF
Article Alerts
Sign In to Email Alerts with your Email Address
Email Article

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word on Journal of Human Resources.

NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address.

Enter multiple addresses on separate lines or separate them with commas.
Are Children’s Socio-Emotional Skills Shaped by Parental Health Shocks?
(Your Name) has sent you a message from Journal of Human Resources
(Your Name) thought you would like to see the Journal of Human Resources web site.
Citation Tools
Are Children’s Socio-Emotional Skills Shaped by Parental Health Shocks?
Esteban García-Miralles, Miriam Gensowski
Journal of Human Resources Jan 2023, 0820-11091R2; DOI: 10.3368/jhr.0820-11091R2

Citation Manager Formats

  • BibTeX
  • Bookends
  • EasyBib
  • EndNote (tagged)
  • EndNote 8 (xml)
  • Medlars
  • Mendeley
  • Papers
  • RefWorks Tagged
  • Ref Manager
  • RIS
  • Zotero
Share
Are Children’s Socio-Emotional Skills Shaped by Parental Health Shocks?
Esteban García-Miralles, Miriam Gensowski
Journal of Human Resources Jan 2023, 0820-11091R2; DOI: 10.3368/jhr.0820-11091R2
Twitter logo Facebook logo Mendeley logo
  • Tweet Widget
  • Facebook Like
  • Google Plus One
Bookmark this article

Jump to section

  • Article
  • Figures & Data
  • Supplemental
  • Info & Metrics
  • References
  • PDF

Related Articles

  • Google Scholar

Cited By...

  • No citing articles found.
  • Google Scholar

More in this TOC Section

  • Prescription for Disaster
  • Occupation and temperature-related mortality in Mexico
  • Employers’ Language Proficiency Requirements and Hiring of Immigrants
Show more Articles

Similar Articles

Keywords

  • J24
  • I10
  • I21
  • Big Five personality traits
  • development of personality traits
  • parental health shocks
  • socio-emotional skills
  • non-cognitive skills
  • skill formation
UW Press logo

© 2026 Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System

Powered by HighWire