Skip to main content

Main menu

  • Home
  • Content
    • Current
    • Ahead of print
    • Archive
  • Info for
    • Authors
    • Subscribers
    • Institutions
    • Advertisers
  • About Us
    • About Us
    • Editorial Board
  • More
    • Feedback
    • Request JHR at your library
    • Research Highlights
  • Alerts
  • Other Publications
    • UWP

User menu

  • Register
  • Subscribe
  • My alerts
  • Log in
  • My Cart

Search

  • Advanced search
Journal of Human Resources
  • Other Publications
    • UWP
  • Register
  • Subscribe
  • My alerts
  • Log in
  • My Cart
Journal of Human Resources

Advanced Search

  • Home
  • Content
    • Current
    • Ahead of print
    • Archive
  • Info for
    • Authors
    • Subscribers
    • Institutions
    • Advertisers
  • About Us
    • About Us
    • Editorial Board
  • More
    • Feedback
    • Request JHR at your library
    • Research Highlights
  • Alerts
  • Follow uwp on Twitter
Research ArticleArticles

Black Lives Matter Protests and Risk Avoidance

The Case of Civil Unrest During a Pandemic

Dhaval Dave, Andrew Friedson, Kyutaro Matsuzawa, Joseph J. Sabia and Samuel Safford
Published online before print May 08, 2023, 0121-11463R1; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3368/jhr.0121-11463R1
Dhaval Dave
Dhaval Dave is a professor of economics at Bentley University and a research affiliate at IZA and NBER.
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Andrew Friedson
Andrew Friedson is an associate professor of economics at the University of Colorado Denver.
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Kyutaro Matsuzawa
Kyutaro Matsuzawa is a Ph.D. candidate at University of Oregon and Doctoral Affiliate with the Center for Health Economics and Policy Studies.
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Joseph J. Sabia
Joseph J. Sabia is the Director of the Center for Health Economics and Policy Studies, a professor of economics at San Diego State University and a research affiliate at IZA.
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Samuel Safford
Samuel Safford is a Ph.D. student at Michigan State University.
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • Article
  • Figures & Data
  • Supplemental
  • Info & Metrics
  • References
  • PDF
Loading

7. References

    1. Abadie, Alberto,
    2. Alexis Diamond, and
    3. Jens Hainmueller
    . 2010. “Synthetic Control Methods for Comparative Case Studies: Estimating the Effect of California’s Tobacco Control Program.” Journal of the American Statistical Association 105(490):493–505.
    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
    1. Abouk, Rahi, and
    2. Babak Heydari
    . 2021. “The Immediate Effect of COVID-19 Policies on Social-Distancing Behavior in the United States. Public Health Reports 136(2):245–252.
    OpenUrlCrossRef
    1. Adams, John.
    1981. “The Efficacy of Seat-Belt Legislation. A Comparative Study of Road Accident Fatality Statistics from 18 Countries. Unpublished.
    1. Allen, Jonathan,
    2. Nathan Layne, and
    3. Gabriella Borter
    . 2021. “Minneapolis Jury Convicts Ex-Policeman Derek Chauvin of Murdering George Floyd.” Reuters, April 20.
    1. Andersen, Martin,
    2. Johanna Catherine Maclean,
    3. Michael F. Pesko, and
    4. Kosali I. Simon
    . 2020. “Effect of a Federal Paid Sick Leave Mandate on Working and Staying at Home: Evidence from Cellular Device Data.” NBER Working Paper 27138.
    1. Arrow, Kenneth J.
    1971. “The Theory of Risk Aversion.” Essays in the Theory of Risk-Bearing, 90–120.
    1. Bacon, John.
    2020. “Coronavirus Updates: George Floyd Protests Could Fuel COVID Cases, Trump Postpones G7 Summit.” USA Today, May 31.
    1. Bai, Yan,
    2. Lingsheng Yao,
    3. Tao Wei,
    4. Fei Tian,
    5. Dong-Yan Jin,
    6. Lijuan Chen, and
    7. Meiyun Wang
    . 2020. “Presumed Asymptomatic Carrier Transmission of COVID-19.” JAMA 323(14):1406–1407.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
    1. Barroso, Amanda, and
    2. Rachel Minkin
    . 2020. “Recent Protest Attendees are More Racially and Ethnically Diverse, Younger than Americans Overall.” Pew Research Center. Available at: https://pewrsr.ch/2zXSp0S. (Accessed April 15 2022).
    1. Bellemare, Marc F., and
    2. Casey J. Wichman
    . 2020. “Elasticities and the inverse hyperbolic sine transformation.” Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics 82(1): 50–61.
    OpenUrl
    1. Bennett, Gary G.,
    2. Lorna H. McNeill,
    3. Kathleen Y. Wolin,
    4. Dustin T. Duncan,
    5. Elaine Puleo, and
    6. Karen M. Emmons
    , 2007. “Safe to Walk? Neighborhood Safety and Physical Activity Among Public Housing Residents.” PLoS Medicine, 4(10):e306
    OpenUrl
    1. Benedettini, Simona, and
    2. Antonio Nicita
    . 2012. “The Costs of Avoiding Accidents: Selective Compliance and the ‘Peltzman Effect’ in Italy.” International Review of Law and Economics 32(2):256–270.
    OpenUrl
  1. Black Lives Matter. 2020. “About Black Lives Matter” Available at: https://blacklivesmatter.com/about/ (Accessed April 15, 2022).
    1. Blomquist, Glen C.
    The Regulation of Motor Vehicle and Traffic Safety. 1988. Boston, MA: Klewer Academic Publishers.
    1. Brewer, Noel T.,
    2. Gretchen B. Chapman,
    3. Frederick X. Gibbons,
    4. Meg Gerrard,
    5. Kevin D. McCaul, and
    6. Neil D. Weinstein
    . 2007. “Meta-Analysis of the Relationship Between Risk Perception and Health Behavior: The Example of Vaccination.” Health Psychology 26(2):136.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
    1. Brown, Ryan,
    2. Verónica Montalva,
    3. Duncan Thomas, and
    4. Andrea Velásquez
    . 2019. “Impact of Violent Crime on Risk Aversion: Evidence from the Mexican Drug War.” Review of Economics and Statistics 101(5):892–904.
    OpenUrl
    1. Carman, Katherine Grace, and
    2. Peter Kooreman, P.
    2014. “Probability Perceptions and Preventive Health Care.” Journal of Risk and Uncertainty 49(1):43–71.
    OpenUrlCrossRef
  2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2020a. “Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): How It Spreads.” Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prevent-getting-sick/how-covid-spreads.html?CDC_AA_refVal=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fcoronavirus%2F2019-ncov%2Fprepare%2Ftransmission.html (Accessed April 15, 2022).
  3. Centers for Disease Control. 2020b. “COVID-19 How to Protect Yourself and Others.” Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prevent-getting-sick/prevention.html (Accessed April 15, 2022).
    1. Chiappori, Pierre-Andre.
    2000. “Econometric Models of Insurance Under Asymmetric Information.” In Handbook of Insurance, ed. Georges Dionne, 365–393. Dordrecht: Springer.
    1. Cohen, Alma, and
    2. Rajeev Dehejia
    ., 2004. “The Effect of Automobile Insurance and Accident Liability Laws on Traffic Fatalities.” The Journal of Law and Economics 47(2):357–393.
    OpenUrl
    1. Cohen, Alma, and
    2. Liran Einav
    . 2003. “The Effects of Mandatory Seat Belt Laws on Driving Behavior and Traffic Fatalities.” Review of Economics and Statistics 85(4):828–843.
    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
    1. Cornaglia, Francesca,
    2. Naomi E. Feldman, and
    3. Andrew Leigh
    . 2014. “Crime and Mental Well-Being.” Journal of Human Resources 49(1): 110–140.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
    1. Courtemanche, Charles,
    2. Joseph Garuccio,
    3. Anh Le,
    4. Joshua C. Pinkston, and
    5. Aaron Yelowitz
    . 2020a. “Strong Social Distancing Measures in the United States Reduced the COVID-19 Growth Rate.” Health Affairs 39(7):1237–1246.
    OpenUrlPubMed
    1. Courtemanche, Charles J.,
    2. Joseph Garuccio,
    3. Anh Le,
    4. Joshua C. Pinkston, and
    5. Aaron Yelowitz
    . 2020b. “Did Social-Distancing Measures in Kentucky Help to Flatten the COVID-19 Curve?” Institute for the Study of Free Enterprise Working Paper 2020-4.
    1. Cronin, Christopher J., and
    2. William N. Evans
    . 2021. “Total Shutdowns, Targeted Restrictions, or Individual Responsibility: How to Promote Social Distancing in the COVID-19 Era?” Journal of Health Economics 79:102497.
    OpenUrl
    1. Dave, Dhaval M.,
    2. Andrew I. Friedson,
    3. Kyutaro Matsuzawa,
    4. Drew McNichols, and
    5. Joseph J. Sabia
    . 2023. “Are the Effects of Adoption and Termination of Shelter-in-Place Orders Symmetric? Evidence from a Natural Experiment.” Journal of Empirical Legal Studies. Forthcoming.
    1. Dave, Dhaval,
    2. Andrew I. Friedson,
    3. Kyutaro Matsuzawa, and
    4. Joseph J. Sabia
    . 2021. “When do Shelter-in-Place Orders Fight COVID-19 Best? Policy Heterogeneity Across States and Adoption Time.” Economic Inquiry 59(1):29–52.
    OpenUrl
    1. Dave, Dhaval M.,
    2. Andrew I. Friedson,
    3. Kyutaro Matsuzawa,
    4. Joseph J. Sabia, and
    5. Samuel Safford
    . 2022. “JUE Insight: Were Urban Cowboys Enough to Control COVID-19? Local Shelter-In-Place Orders and Coronavirus Case Growth.” Journal of Urban Economics 127:103294.
    OpenUrl
    1. Dave, Dhaval, and
    2. Robert Kaestner
    . 2009. “Health Insurance and ex ante Moral Hazard: Evidence from Medicare.” International Journal of Health Care Finance and Economics 9(4):367–390.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
    1. Davis, Tyler J.
    2020. “Their Stores Were Burned, Ransacked and Looted. What’s Next for Minneapolis-Area Small Business Owners?” USA Today, May 31.
    1. Dustmann, Christian, and
    2. Francesco Fasani
    . 2016. “The Effect of Local Area Crime on Mental Health.” The Economic Journal 126(593):978–1017.
    OpenUrl
    1. Fineberg, Harvey.
    2020. “Rapid Expert Consultation on the Possibility of Bioaerosol Spread of SARS-CoV-2 for the COVID-19 Pandemic.” The National Academies of Science, Engineering, Medicine, April 1. Available at: https://www.nap.edu/read/25769/chapter/1#3 (Accessed April 15, 2022).
    1. Fisher, Kiva A.,
    2. Mark W. Tenforde,
    3. Lenora R. Feldstein,
    4. Christopher J. Lindsell,
    5. Nathan I. Shapiro,
    6. D. Clark Files,
    7. Kevin W. Gibbs,
    8. Heidi L. Erickson,
    9. Matthew E. Prekker,
    10. Jay S. Steingrub,
    11. Matthew C. Exline,
    12. Daniel J. Henning,
    13. Jennifer G Wilson,
    14. Samuel M. Brown,
    15. Ithan D. Peltan,
    16. Todd W. Rice,
    17. David N. Hager,
    18. Adit G. Ginde,
    19. H. Keipp Talbot,
    20. Jonathan D. Casey,
    21. Carlos G. Grijalva,
    22. Brendan Flannery,
    23. Manish M. Patel,
    24. Wesley H. Self, IVY Network Investigators, and CDC COVID-19 Response Team
    . 2020. “Community and Close Contact Exposures Associated with COVID-19 Among Symptomatic Adults≥ 18 Years in 11 Outpatient Health Care Facilities—United States, July 2020.” Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 69(36):1258.
    OpenUrl
    1. Foster, Sarach, and
    2. Billie Giles-Corti
    . 2008. “The Built Environment, Neighborhood Crime and Constrained Physical Activity: An Exploration of Inconsistent Findings.” Preventive Medicine 47(3):241–251.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
    1. Friedson, Andrew I.,
    2. Drew McNichols,
    3. Joseph J. Sabia, and
    4. Dhaval Dave
    . 2021. “Shelter in Place Orders and Public Health: Evidence from California During the COVID-19 Pandemic.” Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 40(1): 258–283.
    OpenUrlCrossRef
    1. Furber, Matt,
    2. Audra D. S. Burch and
    3. Frances Robles
    . 2020. “What Happened in the Chaotic Moments Before George Floyd Died.” The New York Times, May 29.
    1. Goldberg, Emma.
    2020. “George Floyd Protests Add New Front Line for Coronavirus Doctors.” The New York Times, June 7.
    1. Golub, Sarit A.,
    2. William Kowalczyk,
    3. Corina L. Weinberger, and
    4. Jeffrey T. Parsons
    . 2010. “Preexposure Prophylaxis and Predicted Condom use Among High-Risk Men who have Sex with Men.” Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 54(5):548.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
    1. Goodman-Bacon, Andrew.
    2021. “Difference-in-Differences with Variation in Treatment Timing.” Journal of Econometrics 225(2):254–277.
    OpenUrlCrossRef
    1. Gupta, Sumedha,
    2. Thuy Nguyen,
    3. Shyam Raman,
    4. Byungkyu Lee,
    5. Felipe Lozano-Rojas,
    6. Ana Bento,
    7. Kosali Simon. and
    8. Coady Wing
    , 2021. “Tracking Public and Private Responses to the COVID-19 Epidemic: Evidence from State and Local Government Actions.” American Journal of Health Economics 7(4):361–404.
    OpenUrl
    1. Harmon, Amy, and
    2. Rick Rojas
    . 2020. “A Delicate Balance: Weighing Protest Against the Risks of the Coronavirus.” The New York Times, June 7.
    1. Hill, Evan,
    2. Ainara Tiefenthäler,
    3. Christiaan Triebert,
    4. Drew Jordan,
    5. Haley Willis and
    6. Robin Stein
    . 2020. “8 Minutes and 46 Seconds: How George Floyd Was Killed in Police Custody.” The New York Times, May 31.
    1. Janke, Katharina,
    2. Carol Propper, and
    3. Michael A. Shields
    . 2016. “Assaults, Murders and Walkers: The Impact of Violent Crime on Physical Activity.” Journal of Health Economics 47:34–49.
    OpenUrlPubMed
    1. Jakiela, Pamela and
    2. Owen Ozier
    . 2019. “The Impact of Violence on Individual Risk Preferences: Evidence from a Natural Experiment.” Review of Economics and Statistics 101(3):547–559.
    OpenUrl
    1. Khazan, Olga.
    2020. “Why People Loot.” The Atlantic, June 2.
    1. Kim, Catherine.
    2020. “Images of Police Using Violence Against Peaceful Protesters are Going Viral.” Vox, May 31.
    1. Klick, Jonathan and
    2. Thomas Stratmann
    . 2007. “Diabetes Treatments and Moral Hazard.” The Journal of Law and Economics 50(3):519–538.
    OpenUrl
    1. Lakdawalla, Darius,
    2. Neeraj Sood, and
    3. Dana Goldman
    . 2006. “HIV Breakthroughs and Risky Sexual Behavior.” The Quarterly Journal of Economics 121(3):1063–1102.
    OpenUrlCrossRef
    1. Lasry, Arielle,
    2. Daniel Kidder,
    3. Marisa Hast,
    4. Jason Poovey,
    5. Gregory Sunshine,
    6. Katheryn Winglee,
    7. Nicole Zviedrite,
    8. Faruque Ahmed, and
    9. Kathleen Ethier
    . 2020. “Timing of Community Mitigation and Changes in Reported COVID-19 and Community Mobility—Four US Metropolitan Areas, February 26-April 1, 2020” Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 69(15):451–457.
    OpenUrl
    1. Lauer, Stephen A.,
    2. Kyra H. Grantz,
    3. Qifang Bi,
    4. Forrest K. Jones,
    5. Qulu Zheng,
    6. Hannah R. Meredith,
    7. Andrew S. Azman,
    8. Nicholas G. Reich, and
    9. Justin Lessler
    . 2020. “The Incubation Period of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) from Publicly Reported Confirmed Cases: Estimation and Application.” Annals of Internal Medicine 172(9):577–582.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
    1. Lerman, Rachel and
    2. Todd C. Frankel
    . 2020. “Retailers and Restaurants Across the U.S. Close their Doors Amid Protests” The Washington Post, June 1.
    1. Liao, Jiaqiang,
    2. Shibing Fan,
    3. Jing Chen,
    4. Jianglin Wu,
    5. Shunqing Xu,
    6. Yuming Guo,
    7. Chunhui Li,
    8. Xianxiang Zhang,
    9. Chuansha Wu,
    10. Huaming Mou,
    11. Chenxi Song,
    12. Feng Li,
    13. Guicheng Wu,
    14. Jingjing Zhang,
    15. Lian Guo,
    16. Huawen Liu,
    17. Jinglong Lv,
    18. Lixin Xu, and
    19. Chunhui Lang
    . 2020. “Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of COVID-19 in Adolescents and Young Adults.” The Innovation 1(1):100001.
    OpenUrl
    1. Lv, Jinpeng,
    2. Dominique Lord,
    3. Yunlong Zhang, and
    4. Zhi Chen
    . 2015. “Investigating Peltzman Effects in Adopting Mandatory Seat Belt Laws in the US: Evidence from Non-Occupant Fatalities.” Transport Policy 44:58–64.
    OpenUrl
    1. Mangrum, Daniel and
    2. Paul Niekamp
    . 2022. “JUE Insight: College Student Travel Contributed to Local COVID-19 Spread.” Journal of Urban Economics 127:103311.
    OpenUrl
    1. Mullahy, John.
    1999. “It’ll Only Hurt a Second? Microeconomic Determinants of who gets Flu Shots.” Health Economics 8(1):9–24.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
    1. Pan, Xingfei,
    2. Dexiong Chen,
    3. Yong Xia,
    4. Xinwei Wu,
    5. Tangsheng Li,
    6. Xueting Ou,
    7. Liyang Zhou, and
    8. Jing Liu
    . 2020. “Asymptomatic Cases in a Family Cluster with SARS-CoV-2 Infection.” The Lancet Infectious Diseases 20(4):410–411.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
    1. Peterson, Hayley.
    2020. “A Minneapolis Target Store was Destroyed by Looting. Photos Show the Flooded Remains.” Business Insider, May 29.
    1. Powell, Michael.
    2020. “Are Protests Dangerous? What Experts Say May Depend on Who’s Protesting What.” The New York Times, July 6.
    1. Pratt, JohnW.
    1964. “Risk Aversion in the Small and in the Large. Econometrica, 32(1):122–136.
    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
    1. Resnick, Brian.
    2020. “What Public Health Experts Want Critics to Know About Why They Support the Protests.” Vox, June 6.
    1. Roman, Caterina G. and
    2. Aaron Chalfin
    . 2008. “Fear of Walking Outdoors: A Multilevel Ecologic Analysis of Crime and Disorder.” American Journal of Preventive Medicine 34(4):306–312.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
    1. Rothe, Camilla,
    2. Mirjam Schunk,
    3. Peter Sothmann,
    4. Gisela Bretzel,
    5. Guenter Froeschl,
    6. Claudia Wallrauch,
    7. Thorbjörn Zimmer,
    8. Verena Thiel,
    9. Christian Janke,
    10. Wolfgang Guggemos,
    11. Michael Seilmaier,
    12. Christian Drosten,
    13. Patrick Vollmar,
    14. Katrin Zwirglmaier,
    15. Sabine Zange,
    16. Roman Wölfel, and
    17. Michael Hoelscher
    . 2020. “Transmission of 2019-nCoV Infection from an Asymptomatic Contact in Germany.” New England Journal of Medicine 382:970–971.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
    1. Rothenberg, Craig,
    2. Satyanarayana Achanta,
    3. Erik R. Svendsen, and
    4. Sven-Eric Jordt
    . 2016. “Tear gas: an epidemiological and mechanistic reassessment.” Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1378(1):96–107.
    OpenUrlCrossRef
    1. Rubin, G. James,
    2. Chris R. Brewin,
    3. Neil Greenberg,
    4. John Simpson, and
    5. Simon Wessely
    . 2005. “Psychological and Behavioural Reactions to the Bombings in London on 7 July 2005: Cross Sectional Survey of a Representative Sample of Londoners.” BMJ, 331(7517):606.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
    1. Sears, James and
    2. Miguel J. Villas-Boas, and
    3. Vasco Villas-Boas, and
    4. Sofia Villas-Boas
    . 2023. “Are We #StayingHome to Flatten the Curve?” American Journal of Health Economics 9(1): 72–95.
    OpenUrl
    1. Stafford, Mai,
    2. Steven Cummins,
    3. Anne Ellaway,
    4. Amanda Sacker,
    5. Richard D. Wiggins, and
    6. Sally Macintyre
    . 2007. “Pathways to Obesity: Identifying Local, Modifiable Determinants of Physical Activity and Diet.” Social Science & Medicine 65(9):1882–1897.
    OpenUrl
    1. Simon, Mallory.
    2020. “Over 1,000 Health Professionals Sign a Letter Saying, Don’t Shut Down Protests Using Coronavirus Concerns as an Excuse.” CNN.en, June 5.
  4. State of Minnesota. 2020. “Warrant: State of Minnesota v Derek Michael Chauvin” Available at: https://www.hennepinattorney.org/-/media/Attorney/Derek-Chauvin-Criminal-Complaint.pdf (Accessed April 15 2022).
    1. Stolzenberg, Lisa,
    2. Stewart J. D’Alessio, and
    3. Jamie L. Flexon
    . 2019. “The Impact of Violent Crime on Obesity.” Social Sciences, 8(12):329.
    OpenUrl
    1. Stone, Madeline.
    2020. “CVS has Temporarily Closed About 60 Stores Amid Looting and Protests.” Business Insider, June 1.
    1. Sun, Liyang,
    2. and Abraham,
    3. Sarah
    . 2021. “Estimating Dynamic Treatment Effects in Event Studies with Heterogeneous Treatment Effects” Journal of Econometrics 225(2):175–199.
    OpenUrlCrossRef
    1. Taylor, Derrick Bryson.
    2020. “George Floyd Protests: A Timeline.” The New York Times, June 9.
    1. Traeger, Michael W.,
    2. Vincent J. Cornelisse,
    3. Jason Asselin,
    4. Brian Price,
    5. Norman J. Roth,
    6. Jeff Willcox,
    7. Ban Kiem Tee,
    8. Christopher K. Fairley,
    9. Christina C. Chang, MBBS,
    10. Jude Armishaw,
    11. Olga Vujovic,
    12. Matthew Penn,
    13. Pauline Cundill,
    14. George Forgan-Smith,
    15. John Gall,
    16. Claire Pickett,
    17. Luxi Lal,
    18. Anne Mak,
    19. Tim D. Spelman,
    20. Long Nguyen,
    21. Dean A. Murphy,
    22. Kathleen E. Ryan,
    23. Carol El-Hayek,
    24. Michael West,
    25. Simon Ruth,
    26. Colin Batrouney,
    27. John T. Lockwood,
    28. Jennifer F. Hoy,
    29. Margaret E. Hellard,
    30. Mark A. Stoové, and
    31. Edwina J. Wright
    . 2019. “Association of HIV Preexposure Prophylaxis with Incidence of Sexually Transmitted Infections Among Individuals at High Risk of HIV Infection.” JAMA 321(14):1380–1390.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
    1. Trogen, Brit. and
    2. Arthur Caplan
    . 2021. “Risk Compensation and COVID-19 Vaccines.” Annals of Internal Medicine 174(6):858–859.
    OpenUrlPubMed
    1. Tsutsui, Yoshiro,
    2. Uri Benzion, and
    3. Shosh Shahrabani
    . 2012. “Economic and Behavioral Factors in an Individual’s Decision to take the Influenza Vaccination in Japan.” The Journal of Socio-Economics 41(5):594–602.
    OpenUrl
    1. Walker, Ian, and
    2. Dorothy L. Robinson
    . 2019. “Bicycle Helmet Wearing is Associated with Closer Overtaking by Drivers: A Response to Olivier and Walter, 2013.” Accident Analysis & Prevention 123:107–113.
    OpenUrl
    1. Wang, Yang, and
    2. Muzhe Yang
    . 2013. “Crisis-Induced Depression, Physical Activity and Dietary Intake Among Young Adults: Evidence from the 9/11 Terrorist Attacks.” Economics & Human Biology 11(2):206–220.
    OpenUrl
    1. Wei, Jianjian, and
    2. Yuguo Li
    . 2016. “Airborne Spread of Infectious Agents in the Indoor Environment.” American Journal of Infection Control 44(9):S102–S108.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
    1. Williams, Sam,
    2. Alasdair Crookes,
    3. Karli Glass, and
    4. Anthony J. Glass
    . 2021. “COVID-19 Mortalities in England and Wales and the Peltzman Offsetting Effect.” Applied Economics 53(60):6982–6998.
    OpenUrl
  5. World Health Organization. 2020. “Q&A: Similarities and Differences – COVID-19 and Influenza.” Available at: https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/q-a-similarities-and-%20differences-covid-19-and-influenza (Accessed April 15 2022).
    1. Xie, Xiaojian,
    2. Yuguo Li,
    3. Hequan Sun, and
    4. Li Liu
    . 2009. “Exhaled Droplets due to Talking and Coughing.” Journal of the Royal Society Interface 6(6):S703–S714.
    OpenUrl
    1. Yu, Edward, and
    2. Adam M. Lippert
    . 2016. “Neighborhood Crime Rate, Weight-Related Behaviors, and Obesity: A Systematic Review of the Literature.” Sociology Compass, 10(3), pp.187–207.
    OpenUrl
PreviousNext
Back to top

In this issue

Journal of Human Resources: 58 (3)
Journal of Human Resources
Vol. 58, Issue 3
1 May 2023
  • Table of Contents
  • Table of Contents (PDF)
  • Index by author
  • Back Matter (PDF)
  • Front Matter (PDF)
Download PDF
Article Alerts
Sign In to Email Alerts with your Email Address
Email Article

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word on Journal of Human Resources.

NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address.

Enter multiple addresses on separate lines or separate them with commas.
Black Lives Matter Protests and Risk Avoidance
(Your Name) has sent you a message from Journal of Human Resources
(Your Name) thought you would like to see the Journal of Human Resources web site.
Citation Tools
Black Lives Matter Protests and Risk Avoidance
Dhaval Dave, Andrew Friedson, Kyutaro Matsuzawa, Joseph J. Sabia, Samuel Safford
Journal of Human Resources May 2023, 0121-11463R1; DOI: 10.3368/jhr.0121-11463R1

Citation Manager Formats

  • BibTeX
  • Bookends
  • EasyBib
  • EndNote (tagged)
  • EndNote 8 (xml)
  • Medlars
  • Mendeley
  • Papers
  • RefWorks Tagged
  • Ref Manager
  • RIS
  • Zotero
Share
Black Lives Matter Protests and Risk Avoidance
Dhaval Dave, Andrew Friedson, Kyutaro Matsuzawa, Joseph J. Sabia, Samuel Safford
Journal of Human Resources May 2023, 0121-11463R1; DOI: 10.3368/jhr.0121-11463R1
Digg logo Reddit logo Twitter logo Facebook logo Mendeley logo
  • Tweet Widget
  • Facebook Like
  • Google Plus One
Bookmark this article

Jump to section

  • Article
  • Figures & Data
  • Supplemental
  • Info & Metrics
  • References
  • PDF

Related Articles

  • Google Scholar

Cited By...

  • No citing articles found.
  • Google Scholar

More in this TOC Section

  • Where versus What: College Value-Added and Returns to Field of Study in Further Education
  • Female Executives and the Motherhood Penalty
  • The Effect of Fraternity Moratoriums on Alcohol Offenses and Sexual Assaults
Show more Articles

Similar Articles

Keywords

  • D8
  • I12
  • I18
UWP

© 2023 Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System

Powered by HighWire