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Open Access

Big Sisters

Pamela Jakiela, Owen Ozier, Lia C. H. Fernald and Heather A. Knauer
Published online before print August 08, 2025, 0623-12969R1; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3368/jhr.0623-12969R1
Pamela Jakiela
Pamela Jakiela is a Professor of Economics at Williams College, and holds affiliations with BREAD, CGD, IZA, and J-PAL; email: .
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  • For correspondence: pamela.jakiela{at}williams.edu
Owen Ozier
Owen Ozier is an Associate Professor of Economics at Williams College, and holds affiliations with BREAD, IZA, and J-PAL; email: .
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  • For correspondence: owen.ozier{at}williams.edu
Lia C. H. Fernald
Lia C. H. Fernald is a Professor of Community Health Sciences at the School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley; email: .
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  • For correspondence: fernald{at}berkeley.edu
Heather A. Knauer
Heather A. Knauer held a postdoctoral fellowship at the University of Michigan School of Social Work; email: .
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  • For correspondence: heather.knauer{at}gmail.com
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Abstract

We model household investments in young children when parents and older siblings share caregiving responsibilities and investments by older siblings contribute to young children’s human capital accumulation. To test the predictions of our model, we estimate the impact of having an older sister (as opposed to an older brother) on early childhood development in a sample of rural Kenyan households with otherwise similar family structures. Having an older sister rather than an older brother improves younger siblings’ vocabulary and fine motor skills by more than 0.1 standard deviations.

Keywords
  • sisters
  • early childhood
  • human capital
  • household structure
  • parental investments
  • Family Care Indicators
  • natural experiment
JEL codes:
  • O12
  • J13
  • J16
  • D13

This open access article is distributed under the terms of the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) and is freely available online at: http://le.uwpress.org

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Journal of Human Resources: 61 (1)
Journal of Human Resources
Vol. 61, Issue 1
1 Jan 2026
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Big Sisters
Pamela Jakiela, Owen Ozier, Lia C. H. Fernald, Heather A. Knauer
Journal of Human Resources Aug 2025, 0623-12969R1; DOI: 10.3368/jhr.0623-12969R1

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Big Sisters
Pamela Jakiela, Owen Ozier, Lia C. H. Fernald, Heather A. Knauer
Journal of Human Resources Aug 2025, 0623-12969R1; DOI: 10.3368/jhr.0623-12969R1
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Keywords

  • sisters
  • early childhood
  • human capital
  • household structure
  • parental investments
  • Family Care Indicators
  • natural experiment
  • O12
  • J13
  • J16
  • D13
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