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History
- Published online August 8, 2025.
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© 2025 by the Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System This open access article is distributed under the terms of the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) and is freely available online at: http://le.uwpress.org
Author Information
- Pamela Jakiela,
- Owen Ozier,
- Lia C. H. Fernald and
- Heather A. Knauer*
- Pamela Jakiela is a Professor of Economics at Williams College, and holds affiliations with BREAD, CGD, IZA, and J-PAL; email: pamela.jakiela{at}williams.edu.
- Owen Ozier is an Associate Professor of Economics at Williams College, and holds affiliations with BREAD, IZA, and J-PAL; email: owen.ozier{at}williams.edu.
- Lia C. H. Fernald is a Professor of Community Health Sciences at the School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley; email: fernald{at}berkeley.edu.
- Heather A. Knauer held a postdoctoral fellowship at the University of Michigan School of Social Work; email: heather.knauer{at}gmail.com.






