Before and after out-of-home placement

References

1. 1. Almond, Douglas,
   2. Janet Currie, and
   3. Valentina Duque.

   2018. “Childhood Circumstances and Adult Outcomes: Act II.” Journal of Economic Literature 56 (4): 1360–1446. https://doi.org/10.1257/jel.20171164. https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/jel.20171164.

   OpenUrlCrossRef
2. 1. Bald, Anthony,
   2. Eric Chyn,
   3. Justine Hastings, and
   4. Margarita Machelett.

   2022a. “ The causal impact of removing children from abusive and neglectful homes.” Journal of Political Economy 130 (7): 1919–1962.

   OpenUrl
3. 1. Bald, Anthony,
   2. Joseph J Jr. Doyle,
   3. Max Gross, and
   4. Brian Jacob.

   2022b. “Economics of Foster Care.” Journal of Economic Perspectives 36 (2).
4. 1. Baron, E. Jason, and
   2. Max Gross.

   2025. “Is There a Foster Care-To-Prison Pipeline? Evidence from Quasi-Randomly Assigned Investigators.” The Review of Economics and Statistics (May): 1–46.
5. 1. Baron, Jason, and
   2. Max Gross.

   2022. “ Temporary stays and persistent gains: the causal effects of foster care.” American Economic Journal: Applied economics 14 (2): 170–199.

   OpenUrl
6. 1. Berger, Lawrence,
   2. Maria Cancian,
   3. Eunhee Han,
   4. Jennifer Noyes, and
   5. Vanessa Rios-Salas.

   2015. “Children’s Academic Achievement and Foster Care.” Pediatrics 135. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2014-2448.
7. 1. Bindler, Anna, and
   2. Nadine Ketel.

   2022. “Scaring or Scarring? Labor Market Effects of Criminal Victimization.” Journal of Labor Economics 40 (4): 939–970. https://doi.org/10.1086/718515. eprint: https://doi.org/10.1086/718515. https://doi.org/10.1086/718515.

   OpenUrl
8. 1. Borusyak, Kirill,
   2. Peter Hull, and
   3. Xavier Jaravel.

   2024. “Design-based identification with formula instruments: A review.” The Econometrics Journal, utae003.
9. 1. Callaway, Brantly, and
   2. Pedro HC Sant’Anna.

   2021. “Difference-in-differences with multiple time periods.” Journal of Econometrics 225 (2): 200–230.

   OpenUrlCrossRef
10. 1. Cavalca, Petra,
    2. Mette Ejrnæs, and
    3. Mette Gørtz.

    2022. “ Trading off budget adherence and child protection.” Plos One 17 (3). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0261664.
11. 1. Currie, J., and
    2. C. Widom.

    2010. “Long-term consequences of child abuse and neglect on adult economic well-being.” Child Maltreatment 15.2:111–20.

    OpenUrl
12. 1. Currie, Janet, and
    2. Erdal Tekin.

    2012. “Understanding the cycle: Childhood maltreatment and future crime.” The Journal of Human Resources 47.2:509–49.

    OpenUrl
13. 1. Doyle, Joseph J.

    2013. “Causal effects of foster care: An instrumental-variables approach.” Children and Youth Services Review 35 (7): 1143 –1151. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0190740911000983.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
14. 1. Doyle, Joseph J.

    2008. “Child Protection and Adult Crime: Using Investigator Assignment to Estimate Causal Effects of Foster Care.” Journal of Political Economy 116 (4): 746–770. http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/590216.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
15. 1. Doyle, Joseph J., and
    2. Anna Aizer.

    2018. “Economics of child protection: Maltreatment, foster care, and intimate partner violence.” Annual Review of Economics 10 (1): 87–108. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-economics-080217-053237.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
16. 1. Doyle, Jr., Joseph J.

    2007. “Child Protection and Child Outcomes: Measuring the Effects of Foster Care.” American Economic Review 97 (5): 1583–1610. http://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/aer.97.5.1583.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
17. 1. Ejrnæs, Mette, and
    2. Mette Gørtz.

    2017a. “Anbringelser i tal - hvor mange, hvorfor og hvordan.” Chap. 4 in Den Svære Beslutning, edited by Idamarie Leth Svendsen, 62–79. Metropol, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
18. 1. Ejrnæs, Mette, and
    2. Mette Gørtz.

    2017b. “Hvilke risikofaktorer er afgørende for anbringelse?” Chap. 10 in Den Svære Beslutning, edited by Idamarie Leth Svendsen, 189–212. Metropol, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
19. 1. Fadlon, Itzik, and
    2. Torben Heien Nielsen.

    2019. “Family Health Behaviors.” American Economic Review 109 (9): 3162–91. https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/aer.20171993.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
20. 1. Freyaldenhoven, Simon,
    2. Christian Hansen, and
    3. Jesse M. Shapiro.

    2019. “Pre-event Trends in the Panel Event-Study Design.” American Economic Review 109 (9): 3307–38.

    OpenUrl
21. 1. Goodman-Bacon, Andrew.

    2021. “Difference-in-differences with variation in treatment timing.” Journal of Econometrics 225 (2): 254–277.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
22. 1. Gørtz, Mette,
    2. Noel T. Brewer,
    3. Peter Reinhard Hansen, and
    4. Mette Ejrnæs.

    2020. “The contagious nature of a vaccine scare: How the introduction of HPV vaccination lifted and eroded MMR vaccination in Denmark.” Vaccine 38 (28): 4432–4439. ISSN: 0264410X. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.04.055. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264410X20305491.

    OpenUrlPubMed
23. 1. Helénsdotter, Ronja.

    2024. “Surviving childhood: Health and crime effects of removing a child from home.” Review of Economic Studies.
24. 1. Humphreys, Kathryn L.,
    2. Lucy S. King,
    3. Katherine L. Guyon-Harris,
    4. Margaret A. Sheridan,
    5. Katie A. McLaughlin,
    6. Anca Radulescu,
    7. Charles A. Nelson,
    8. Nathan A. Fox, and
    9. Charles H. Zeanah.

    2022. “Foster care leads to sustained cognitive gains following severe early deprivation.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 119 (38): e2119318119.

    OpenUrlPubMed
25. 1. Kahn-Lang, Ariella, and
    2. Kevin Lang.

    2020. “ The Promise and Pitfalls of Differences-in-Differences: Reflections on 16 and Pregnant and Other Applications.” Journal of Business & Economic Statistics 38 (3): 613–620. https://doi.org/10.1080/07350015.2018.1546591. eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/07350015.2018.1546591. https://doi.org/10.1080/07350015.2018.1546591.

    OpenUrl
26. 1. Lindquist, Matthew J., and
    2. Torsten Santavirta.

    2014. “Does placing children in foster care increase their adult criminality?” Labour Economics 31:72–83.

    OpenUrl
27. 1. Miller, Douglas L.

    2023. “An Introductory Guide to Event Study Models.” Journal of Economic Perspectives 37 (2): 203âĂŞ–230.

    OpenUrl
28. 1. Paxson, Christina, and
    2. Jane Waldfogel.

    2002. “Work, Welfare, and Child Maltreatment.” Journal of Labor Economics 20 (3): 435–474.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
29. 1. Roberts, Kelsey.

    2019. “Fostering better educational outcomes in youth.” PhD diss., Clemson University.
30. 1. Rouland, Benedicte, and
    2. Rhema Vaithianathan.

    2018. “Cumulative Prevalence of Maltreatment Among New Zealand Children 1998-2015.” American Journal of Public Health 108 (4): 511–513.

    OpenUrlPubMed
31. Sundhedsdatastyrelsen. 2019. Udvalgte nøgletal for sygehusvæsenet og praksisområdet 2009-2018. Technical report. The Danish Health Data Authority.
32. 1. Svendsen, Idamarie Leth.

    2017. “Anbringelse - hvad siger reglerne?” Chap. 5 in Den Svære Beslutning, edited by Idamarie Leth Svendsen, 80–107. Metropol, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
33. 1. Turney, Kristin, and
    2. Christopher Wildeman.

    2016. “Mental and Physical Health of Children in Foster Care.” Pediatrics 138:5.

    OpenUrl
34. 1. Vinnerljung, Bo,
    2. Knut Sundell,
    3. Cecilia AndrÃľe LÃűfholm and
    4. Eva HumlesjÃű.

    2006. “Former Stockholm child protection cases as young adults: Do outcomes differ between those that received services and those that did not?” Children and Youth Services Review 28 (1): 59–77.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
35. 1. Warburton, William P.,
    2. Rebecca N. Warburton,
    3. Arthur Sweetman, and
    4. Clyde Hertzman.

    2014. “The Impact of Placing Adolescent Males into Foster Care on Education, Income Assistance, and Convictions.” The Canadian Journal of Economics / Revue canadienne d’Economique 47 (1): 35–69.

    OpenUrl
36. 1. Widom, Cathy Spatz.

    1989. “The Cycle of Violence.” Science 244 (4901): 160–166.

    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
37. 1. Yi, Yongmin,
    2. Frank Edwards, and
    3. Christopher Wildeman.

    2020. “Cumulative Prevalence of Confirmed Maltreatment and Foster Care Placement for US Children by Race/Ethnicity, 2011-2016.” American Journal of Public Health 110 (5): 704–709.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed