<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><xml><records><record><source-app name="HighWire" version="7.x">Drupal-HighWire</source-app><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Costa-Ramón, Ana</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kortelainen, Mika</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rodríguez-González, Ana</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sääksvuori, Lauri</style></author></authors><secondary-authors></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Long-Run Effects of Cesarean Sections</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Human Resources</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020-10-12 06:44:56</style></date></pub-dates></dates><elocation-id><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0719-10334R1</style></elocation-id><doi><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10.3368/jhr.58.2.0719-10334R1</style></doi><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"></style></volume><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"></style></issue><abstract><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This paper analyzes the long-term effects of potentially avoidable cesarean sections on children’s health. Using Finnish administrative data, we document that physicians perform more unplanned C-sections during their regular working hours on days that precede a weekend or public holiday and use this exogenous variation as an instrument for C-sections. We supplement our instrumental variables results with a differences-in-differences estimation strategy that exploits variation in birth mode within sibling pairs and across families. Our results suggest that avoidable unplanned C-sections increase the risk of asthma, but do not affect other immune-mediated disorders previously associated with C-sections.</style></abstract></record></records></xml>