PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Gehrke, Esther AU - Kubitza, Christoph TI - Agricultural Productivity and Fertility Rates AID - 10.3368/jhr.0520-10905R1 DP - 2024 Jan 01 TA - Journal of Human Resources PG - 316--347 VI - 59 IP - 1 4099 - http://jhr.uwpress.org/content/59/1/316.short 4100 - http://jhr.uwpress.org/content/59/1/316.full AB - We analyze the link between agricultural productivity growth and fertility rates, using the oil palm boom in Indonesia as an empirical setting. We find consistent negative effects of oil palm expansion on fertility during the period 1996–2016. This finding appears to be linked to rising farm profits that led to consumption growth, an expansion of the nonagricultural sector, increasing wage returns to education, and higher school enrollment. Together, these findings suggest that agricultural productivity growth can play an important role in accelerating the fertility transition, as long as the economic benefits are large enough to translate into local economic development.