PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Elizabeth Setren
TI  - Targeted vs. General Education Investments
AID  - 10.3368/jhr.56.4.0219-10040R2
DP  - 2021 Oct 02
TA  - Journal of Human Resources
PG  - 1073--1112
VI  - 56
IP  - 4
4099  - http://jhr.uwpress.org/content/56/4/1073.short
4100  - http://jhr.uwpress.org/content/56/4/1073.full
SO  - J Hum Resour2021 Oct 02; 56
AB  - Using novel variation in special education and English language learner classification from admissions lotteries, I find that students can achieve large academic gains without specialized services. Enrolling in a Boston charter doubles the likelihood that students lose their special education or English language learner status, but exposes students to a high-performing general education program. Effects extend to college—charters nearly double the likelihood that English language learners enroll in four-year colleges and quadruple two-year college graduation rates for special education students. Results suggest that high-quality general education practices drive the gains and find no detrimental effect from reduced classification.