TY - JOUR T1 - Targeted vs. General Education Investments JF - Journal of Human Resources JO - J Hum Resour SP - 1073 LP - 1112 DO - 10.3368/jhr.56.4.0219-10040R2 VL - 56 IS - 4 AU - Elizabeth Setren Y1 - 2021/10/02 UR - http://jhr.uwpress.org/content/56/4/1073.abstract N2 - Using novel variation in special education and English language learner classification from admissions lotteries, I find that students can achieve large academic gains without specialized services. Enrolling in a Boston charter doubles the likelihood that students lose their special education or English language learner status, but exposes students to a high-performing general education program. Effects extend to college—charters nearly double the likelihood that English language learners enroll in four-year colleges and quadruple two-year college graduation rates for special education students. Results suggest that high-quality general education practices drive the gains and find no detrimental effect from reduced classification. ER -