<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><xml><records><record><source-app name="HighWire" version="7.x">Drupal-HighWire</source-app><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Heissel, Jennifer A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Persico, Claudia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Simon, David</style></author></authors><secondary-authors></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Does Pollution Drive Achievement? The Effect of Traffic Pollution on Academic Performance</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Human Resources</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022-05-01 00:00:00</style></date></pub-dates></dates><pages><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">747-776</style></pages><doi><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10.3368/jhr.57.3.1218-9903R2</style></doi><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">57</style></volume><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue><abstract><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">We examine the effect of traffic pollution on student outcomes by leveraging variation in wind patterns for schools the same distance from major highways. We compare within-student changes in achievement for students transitioning between schools near highways, where one school has greater levels of pollution because it is downwind of a highway. As students graduate from elementary/middle school to middle/high school, their test scores decrease, behavioral incidents increase, and absence rates increase when they attend a downwind school, relative to when they attend an upwind school in the same zip code. Even within zip codes, microclimates can contribute to inequality.</style></abstract></record></records></xml>