PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Ward, Zachary
TI  - Internal Migration, Education, and Intergenerational Mobility
AID  - 10.3368/jhr.58.2.0619-10265R2
DP  - 2022 Nov 01
TA  - Journal of Human Resources
PG  - 1981--2011
VI  - 57
IP  - 6
4099  - http://jhr.uwpress.org/content/57/6/1981.short
4100  - http://jhr.uwpress.org/content/57/6/1981.full
SO  - J Hum Resour2022 Nov 01; 57
AB  - To what extent does internal migration lead to upward mobility? Using within-brother variation and a new linked data set from the early 20th century, I show that internal migration led to significant gains in economic status. On average, the effect of migration was three to four times the effect of one year of education; for those raised in poorer households, the effect was up to ten times that of education. The evidence suggests that internal migration was a key strategy for intergenerational progress in a context of rapid industrialization, large rural-to-urban flows, and wide interregional income gaps.