PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Costa-Ramón, Ana AU - Kortelainen, Mika AU - Rodríguez-González, Ana AU - Sääksvuori, Lauri TI - The Long-Run Effects of Cesarean Sections AID - 10.3368/jhr.58.2.0719-10334R1 DP - 2022 Nov 01 TA - Journal of Human Resources PG - 2048--2085 VI - 57 IP - 6 4099 - http://jhr.uwpress.org/content/57/6/2048.short 4100 - http://jhr.uwpress.org/content/57/6/2048.full SO - J Hum Resour2022 Nov 01; 57 AB - We analyze the long-term effects of potentially avoidable cesarean sections on children’s health. Using Finnish administrative data, we document that physicians perform more unplanned C-sections during their regular working hours on days that precede a weekend or public holiday and use this exogenous variation as an instrument for C-sections. We supplement our instrumental variables results with a differences-in-differences estimation strategy that exploits variation in birth mode within sibling pairs and across families. Our results suggest that avoidable, unplanned C-sections increase the risk of asthma, but do not affect other immune-mediated disorders previously associated with C-sections.