<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><xml><records><record><source-app name="HighWire" version="7.x">Drupal-HighWire</source-app><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Meckel, Katherine</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rossin-Slater, Maya</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Uniat, Lindsey</style></author></authors><secondary-authors></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Efficiency versus Equity in the Provision of In-Kind Benefits</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Human Resources</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2023-03-01 00:00:00</style></date></pub-dates></dates><pages><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">363-392</style></pages><doi><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10.3368/jhr.58.4.0120-10677R1</style></doi><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">58</style></volume><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></issue><abstract><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The government often contracts with private firms to deliver in-kind safety net benefits. These public–private partnerships generate agency problems that could increase costs, but cost containment reforms may discourage firm participation. We study a 2012 reform of California’s Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children that reduced the number of small vendors. We show that within-zip-code access to small vendors increases take-up among first-time and foreign-born mothers, suggesting that small vendors are distinctly effective at lowering take-up barriers among women with high program learning costs. Thus, cost containment reforms may have unintended consequences of inequitably reducing program access.</style></abstract></record></records></xml>