<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><xml><records><record><source-app name="HighWire" version="7.x">Drupal-HighWire</source-app><ref-type name="Journal Article">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gray, Rowena</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">O’Keefe, Siobhan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quincy, Sarah</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ward, Zachary</style></author></authors><secondary-authors></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tasks and Black-white Inequality over the Long Twentieth Century</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Human Resources</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025-12-08 12:50:19</style></date></pub-dates></dates><elocation-id><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0524-13615R1</style></elocation-id><doi><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10.3368/jhr.0524-13615R1</style></doi><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"></style></volume><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%"></style></issue><abstract><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">We present new evidence on the long-run evolution of occupational task content by race in the United States, 1900-2021. Black workers began the transition to better paid, cognitiveintensive modern jobs at least a generation after white workers; substantial convergence only occurred after 1960. Longitudinal data suggests that task transitions were racially biased: Black men moved to jobs with lower rewarded task content than white men, conditional on initial tasks, though gaps decreased after 1940. Routine-intensive Black workers were less likely to move up into non-routine analytic work in all periods. The results suggest that task-displacement shocks widen Black-white inequality.</style></abstract></record></records></xml>