RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Gender Differences in Beliefs on the Returns to Effort JF Journal of Human Resources JO J Hum Resour FD University of Wisconsin Press SP 858 OP 870 DO 10.3368/jhr.44.4.858 VO 44 IS 4 A1 Fisman, Raymond A1 O’Neill, Maura YR 2009 UL http://jhr.uwpress.org/content/44/4/858.abstract AB We study gender differences in attitudes in the role of luck versus hard work in achieving success using data from the World Values Survey. Women are consistently more likely to report that success is a matter of luck. We consider several potential explanations: workplace discrimination, religion, household responsibilities, and political alignment. Our results favor explanations based on workplace discrimination and household responsibilities.