TY - JOUR T1 - A Watershed Moment: The Clean Water Act and Birth Weight JF - Journal of Human Resources JO - J Hum Resour DO - 10.3368/jhr.0622-12369R2 SP - 0622-12369R2 AU - Patrick Flynn AU - Michelle Marcus Y1 - 2023/03/08 UR - http://jhr.uwpress.org/content/early/2023/03/02/jhr.0622-12369R2.abstract N2 - The Clean Water Act (CWA) significantly improved surface water quality, but at a cost exceeding the estimated benefits. We quantify the effect of the CWA on a direct measure of health. Using a difference-in-differences framework, we compare birth weight upstream and downstream from wastewater treatment facilities before and after CWA grant receipt. Pollution only decreased downstream from facilities required to upgrade their treatment technology, and we leverage this additional variation with a triple difference. CWA grants increased average birth weight by 8 grams. ER -