PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Sandra E. Black AU - Paul J. Devereux AU - Kjell G. Salvanes TI - Small Family, Smart Family? AID - 10.3368/jhr.45.1.33 DP - 2010 Jan 01 TA - Journal of Human Resources PG - 33--58 VI - 45 IP - 1 4099 - http://jhr.uwpress.org/content/45/1/33.short 4100 - http://jhr.uwpress.org/content/45/1/33.full SO - J Hum Resour2010 Jan 01; 45 AB - This paper uses Norwegian data to estimate the effect of family size on IQ scores of men. Instrumental variables (IV) estimates using sex composition as an instrument show no significant negative effect of family size; however, IV estimates using twins imply that family size has a negative effect on IQ scores. Our results suggest that the effect of family size depends on the type of family-size intervention and that there are no important negative effects of expected increases in family size. However, unexpected shocks to family size resulting from twin births have negative effects on the IQ scores of existing children.