RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 War-Driven Permanent Emigration, Sex Ratios, and Female Labor Force Participation
JF Journal of Human Resources
JO J Hum Resour
FD University of Wisconsin Press
SP 0522-12339R2
DO 10.3368/jhr.0522-12339R2
A1 Cardoso, Ana Rute
A1 Morin, Louis-Philippe
YR 2023
UL http://jhr.uwpress.org/content/early/2023/10/02/jhr.0522-12339R2.abstract
AB We investigate the drivers of female labor force participation in the presence of unbalanced sex ratios due to a scarcity of males. To do so, we exploit exogenous variation in sex ratios across cohorts and regions, using instruments based on massive emigration in the 1960s that was fueled by the Portuguese Colonial War. As the sex ratio declined, female labor force participation increased, while the marriage rate was unaffected. Female representation among top occupations increased, and the gender pay gap declined, consistent with the predominance of a demand shock favoring female labor.