PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Auld, M. Christopher TI - Smoking, Drinking, and Income AID - 10.3368/jhr.XL.2.505 DP - 2005 Mar 31 TA - Journal of Human Resources PG - 505--518 VI - XL IP - 2 4099 - http://jhr.uwpress.org/content/XL/2/505.short 4100 - http://jhr.uwpress.org/content/XL/2/505.full SO - J Hum Resour2005 Mar 31; XL AB - In an effort to increase understanding of the “alcohol/income puzzle”—the finding that drinking appears to lead to higher income—this paper presents maximum simulated likelihood estimates of a system of limited dependent variables governing smoking and drinking patterns and income. With all else held constant, moderate drinking is associated with 10 percent higher income, and heavy drinking associated with 12 percent higher income, than drinking abstention. Smoking is associated with larger effects on income than drinking: Single-equation estimates suggest smokers earn 8 percent less than nonsmokers, and the smoking penalty rises to 24 percent after correcting for endogeneity.