TY - JOUR T1 - An Evaluation of Instrumental Variable Strategies for Estimating the Effects of Catholic Schooling JF - Journal of Human Resources JO - J Hum Resour SP - 791 LP - 821 DO - 10.3368/jhr.XL.4.791 VL - XL IS - 4 AU - Joseph G. Altonji AU - Todd E. Elder AU - Christopher R. Taber Y1 - 2005/10/02 UR - http://jhr.uwpress.org/content/XL/4/791.abstract N2 - Several previous studies have relied on religious affiliation and the proximity to Catholic schools as exogenous sources of variation for identifying the effect of Catholic schooling on a wide variety of outcomes. Using three separate approaches, we examine the validity of these instrumental variables. We find that none of the candidate instruments is a useful source of identification in currently available data sets. We also investigate the role of exclusion restrictions versus nonlinearity as the source of identification in bivariate probit models. The analysis may be useful as a template for the assessment of instrumental variables strategies in other applications. ER -