RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Teacher-Student Matching and the Assessment of Teacher Effectiveness JF Journal of Human Resources JO J Hum Resour FD University of Wisconsin Press SP 778 OP 820 DO 10.3368/jhr.XLI.4.778 VO XLI IS 4 A1 Clotfelter, Charles T. A1 Ladd, Helen F. A1 Vigdor, Jacob L. YR 2006 UL http://jhr.uwpress.org/content/XLI/4/778.abstract AB Administrative data on fifth grade students in North Carolina shows that more highly qualified teachers tend to be matched with more advantaged students, both across schools and in many cases within them. This matching biases estimates of the relationship between teacher characteristics and achievement; we isolate this bias in part by focusing on schools where students are distributed relatively evenly across classrooms. Teacher experience is consistently associated with achievement; teacher licensure test scores associate with math achievement. These returns display a form of heterogeneity across students that may help explain why the observed form of teacher-student matching persists in equilibrium.