RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Incentivizing Schooling for Learning: Evidence on the Impact of Alternative Targeting Approaches JF Journal of Human Resources JO J Hum Resour FD University of Wisconsin Press SP 461 OP 499 DO 10.3368/jhr.51.2.0114-6118R1 VO 51 IS 2 A1 Barrera-Osorio, Felipe A1 Filmer, Deon YR 2016 UL http://jhr.uwpress.org/content/51/2/461.abstract AB We evaluate a primary school scholarship program in Cambodia with two different targeting mechanisms, one based on poverty level and the other on baseline test scores (“merit”). Both approaches increased enrollment and attendance. Only the merit-based targeting induced positive effects on test scores. This asymmetry is unlikely to have been driven by differences in recipients’ characteristics. We marshal evidence suggesting that the framing of the scholarships might have led to different impacts. In order to balance equity and efficiency, a two-step targeting approach might be preferable: first, identify low-income individuals, and then, among them, target based on merit.