PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Christopher Cornwell AU - Jason Rivera AU - Ian M. Schmutte TI - Wage Discrimination When Identity Is Subjective AID - 10.3368/jhr.52.3.0815-7340R1 DP - 2017 Jul 01 TA - Journal of Human Resources PG - 719--755 VI - 52 IP - 3 4099 - http://jhr.uwpress.org/content/52/3/719.short 4100 - http://jhr.uwpress.org/content/52/3/719.full SO - J Hum Resour2017 Jul 01; 52 AB - In Brazil, different employers report different racial classifications for the same worker. We use the variation in race across employers to estimate the relationship between race and wages. Workers whose reported race changes from nonwhite to white receive a wage increase; those who change from white to nonwhite realize a symmetric wage decrease. As much as 40 percent of the racial wage gap remains after controlling for all individual characteristics that do not change across jobs. We formally test, and reject, the hypothesis that our results are driven by misclassification. We also evaluate several mechanisms that could explain our findings.