RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Does Contractual Form Matter? JF Journal of Human Resources JO J Hum Resour FD University of Wisconsin Press SP 1081 OP 1120 DO 10.3368/jhr.54.4.0117.8505R VO 54 IS 4 A1 Xiaotao Ran, Florence A1 Xu, Di YR 2019 UL http://jhr.uwpress.org/content/54/4/1081.abstract AB We examine the impact of non-tenure-track faculty by type of employment on students’ academic outcomes in two-and four-year colleges using a two-way fixed-effects model and an instrumental variable approach. We also examine how the estimated effects on student outcomes can be explained by observable instructor characteristics and employment features. We find that non-tenure-track faculty have positive impacts on current course grades but negative impacts on subsequent course outcomes. These negative impacts are stronger for non-tenure-track faculty hired through temporary appointments than for those hired with long-term contracts, which can be explained partly by observable instructor characteristics.