PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Gian Paolo Barbetta
AU  - Giuseppe Sorrenti
AU  - Gilberto Turati
TI  - Multigrading and Child Achievement
AID  - 10.3368/jhr.56.3.0118-9310R4
DP  - 2021 Jul 01
TA  - Journal of Human Resources
PG  - 940--968
VI  - 56
IP  - 3
4099  - http://jhr.uwpress.org/content/56/3/940.short
4100  - http://jhr.uwpress.org/content/56/3/940.full
SO  - J Hum Resour2021 Jul 01; 56
AB  - We study how multigrading, which is mixing students of different grades into a single class, affects children’s cognitive achievement in primary school. We build instruments to identify the causal effect of multigrading by exploiting an Italian law that controls class size and grade composition. Results suggest that attendance in multigrade versus single-grade classes increases students’ performance on standardized tests by 19 percent of a standard deviation for second-graders, and it has zero effect for fifth-graders. The positive impact of multigrading for second-graders appears to be driven by children sharing their class with peers from higher grades. This last finding rationalizes the absence of a multigrade effect for fifth-graders.