RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 Rise and Shine: The Effect of School Start Times on Academic Performance from Childhood through Puberty
JF Journal of Human Resources
JO J Hum Resour
FD University of Wisconsin Press
SP 0815-7346R1
DO 10.3368/jhr.53.4.0815-7346R1
A1 Jennifer Heissel
A1 Samuel Norris
YR 2017
UL http://jhr.uwpress.org/content/early/2017/04/18/jhr.53.4.0815-7346R1.abstract
AB We analyze the effect of school start time on academic performance. Sleep patterns are determined in part by sunrise times, which vary across time zones. Because school start times do not fully reflect this difference, we instrument for the hours of sunlight before school with the time zone boundary in Florida. We find that moving start times one hour later relative to sunrise increases test scores by 0.08 and 0.06 standard deviations for adolescents in math and reading, respectively. In math, the effect is larger for older children and co-varies with entry into an important pubertal stage. School districts can improve performance while maintaining the current distribution of start times by moving classes earlier for younger children and later for older children. (JEL I21, I28)