The Effect of a Fail Inspection on Test Scores in the Pretreatment Year (Falsification Test) (Outcome variable: age 11 (Key Stage 2) national standardized test score, in year before inspection)
| Mathematics | English | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | |
| Panel A: OLS | ||||||
| Early fail | −0.018 (0.035) | −0.006 (0.027) | −0.001 (0.025) | −0.016 (0.038) | 0.000 (0.030) | 0.007 (0.029) |
| Student characteristics | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes |
| Age-7 test scores | No | No | Yes | No | No | Yes |
| R-squared | 0.000 | 0.252 | 0.501 | 0.000 | 0.316 | 0.549 |
| Observations | 17,113 | 17,113 | 17,113 | 16,884 | 16,884 | 16,884 |
| Number of schools | 394 | 394 | 394 | 394 | 394 | 394 |
| Panel B: Difference-in-differences | ||||||
| Post x early fail | −0.000 (0.029) | 0.002 (0.029) | 0.003 (0.026) | −0.012 (0.038) | 0.004 (0.037) | 0.008 (0.035) |
| Post | −0.049* (0.022) | −0.026 (0.023) | −0.033 (0.022) | −0.101** (0.031) | −0.072* (0.031) | −0.081** (0.030) |
| Student characteristics | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes |
| Age-7 test scores | No | No | Yes | No | No | Yes |
| R-squared | 0.001 | 0.232 | 0.495 | 0.003 | 0.300 | 0.546 |
| Observations | 34,838 | 34,838 | 34,838 | 34,390 | 34,390 | 34,390 |
| Number of schools | 394 | 394 | 394 | 394 | 394 | 394 |
↵Notes: Standard errors reported in parentheses; * and ** indicate significance at the 5 percent and 1 percent levels, respectively. Standard errors clustered at the school level. OLS and DID models estimated for schools rated Fail in the years 2006–2009. “Early fail” dummy switched on for schools failed September to November; switched off for schools failed mid-May to mid-July. The dummy “Post” is turned on in the year before inspection and off two years before the inspection. See notes to Table 3 for student- and school-level controls. All DID regressions in Panel B include school fixed effects.