Table 1

Summary of Interventions, Sample, and Study Design

TanzaniaBangladeshEthiopia
Panel A: Interventions
Goal Setting, implemented in 2017, encourages girls to set a goal to remain healthy and stay STI/HIV free; Empowerment and Livelihood for Adolescents (ELA), an ongoing intervention, provides a safe social space, life-skills training and community support for girls.Growth Mindset is an intervention aimed at developing “growth mindset,” the belief that ability depends on effort and is not constrained by fixed intelligence; Girl Rising uses the power of storytelling to change the way the world values girls and their education. Interventions were implemented in 2021.Act With Her is a multilevel intervention that includes a safe social space, life skills training for girls and boys (separately), awareness raising for their caregivers, and (in a random half of communities) community-level work aimed at improved adolescent-focused services; discussion of gender norms and attitudes is interwoven at each level, and goal setting for girls is a focus. Act With Her + Transfers additionally includes in-kind school supply and sexual and reproductive health–related Transfers for girls. Interventions were implemented during 2019–2020.
Panel B: Sample
LocationDodoma and Iringa RegionsChittagong & Sylhet DivisionsSouth Gonder Zone (Amhara), East Hararghe Zone (Oromia)
Sublocation/cluster79 communities100 schools126 communities
Urban/ruralRural/Peri-urbanUrban/RuralRural
Baseline age range10–19-year-olds10–18-year-oldsa10–12-year-olds
Baseline sample size1,4491,2001,863
Baseline survey year(s)201620202017/18
Follow-up survey year(s)201820212019/20
Panel C: Study Design
Cross-cutting designMulti-arm cluster RCTMulti-arm cluster RCT
Goal setting: Individually randomized (369 treated, 1,080 control)
ELA: Cluster randomized (32 treatment communities, 47 control)		(36 control schools, 36 Growth Mindset, 37 Growth Mindset + Girl Rising)(39 control communities, 58 Act With Her, 29 Act With Her + Transfers)

  • ↵a 93 percent of adolescents are aged 10–14; 61 adolescents are 15 years old, 16 are 16 years old, three are 17 years old, and one is 18 years old.