Outcome Descriptions and Summary Statistics
| Tanzania | Bangladesh | Ethiopia | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Construct #1: Depression | |||
| PHQ Depression Score | Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ- 2) score—a measure of depression, with scores ranging from 0–6. Higher scores indicate higher levels of distress; measure used in regression is standardized within the sample control group. | Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ 9) score—a measure of depression (Kroenke, Spitzer and Williams 2001), with scores ranging from 0–27. Higher scores indicate higher levels of distress; measure used in regression is standardized within the sample control group. | Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ 9) score—a measure of depression (Kroenke, Spitzer and Williams 2001), with scores ranging from 0–27. Higher scores indicate higher levels of distress; measure used in regression is standardized within the sample control group. |
| Summary statistics (mean, standard deviation within control group at follow-up) | 1.01 (1.26) | 2.43 (2.50) | 0.59 (2.09) |
| Indicator for moderate/severe depression | Indicator of depression—binary measure taking on a value of 1 if raw PHQ-2 score is ≥3. | Indicator of moderate/severe depression—binary measure taking on a value of 1 if raw PHQ-9 score ≥10. | Indicator of moderate/severe depression—binary measure taking on a value of 1 if raw PHQ-9 score ≥10. |
| Summary statistics (mean, standard deviation within control group at follow-up) | 0.135 (0.342) | 0.019 (0.138) | 0.01 (0.08) |
| Construct #2: Socio-Emotional Development | |||
| Confidence/grit/resilience | Confidence—a measure that takes on a value of 1 if the adolescent agrees she is confident she can complete any task set before her. Measure used in regression is standardized within the sample control group. | Grit Scale—a measure of adolescent grit generated from a 7-item scale following Alan, Boneva, and Ertac (2019), with scores ranging from 0 to 4, where higher scores indicate more grit. Measure used in regression is standardized within the sample control group. | Child and Youth Resilience Measure- 12 (CYRM-12)—a measure of youth resilience (Liebenberg, Ungar, and LeBlanc 2013), with scores ranging from 12 to 36, where higher scores indicate more resilience. Measure used in regression is standardized within the sample control group. |
| Summary statistics (mean, standard deviation within control group at follow-up) | 0.529 (0.499) | 2.97 (0.457) | 31.31 (4.41) |
| Construct #3: Locus of Control | |||
| Locus of control | Pearlin Mastery Scale items, which is the extent to which the respondent feels in control of the events that influence her life. The Pearlin Mastery Scale (Pearlin and Schooler 1978) is a 7-item scale of seven statements to which respondents indicate if they strongly disagree, disagree, feel neutral, agree, or strongly agree. The responses to each item are coded so that all responses go in the same direction (toward feelings of more control) and summed to an index that takes on values of 12 to 40. We generate a binary indicator = 1 if the score is >28 (median score at baseline). Measure used in regression standardizes this indicator within the sample control group. | Self-reported feeling of control over own life, measured on a scale from 1 to 10, where higher values indicate more control. Adapted from the World Values Survey (Haerpfer et al. 2020). Question asks: “Some people feel that they have a great deal of control over their own lives. Others feel that what they do has very little effect on what happens to them. On a scale from 1 to 10, with 1 being very little and 10 being complete control, how would you classify yourself?” Measure used in regression is standardized within the sample control group. | Self-reported feeling of control over own life, measured on a scale from 1 to 10, where higher values indicate more control. Adapted from the World Values Survey (Haerpfer et al. 2020). Question asks: “Some people feel that they have a great deal of control over their own lives. Others feel that what they do has very little effect on what happens to them. On a scale from 1 to 10, with 1 being very little and 10 being complete control, how would you classify yourself?” Measure used in regression is standardized within the sample control group. |
| Summary statistics (mean, standard deviation within control group at follow-up) | 28.7 (4.66) | 6.789 (2.32) | 7.05 (3.01) |