Association between Physician Health Management Skills, Ambulatory Care Sensitive Conditions Quality, and Cardiovascular Disease–Related Hospitalization Risk—Linear Probability Regressions
| Outcome | CVD Hospitalization | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| (1) | (2) | (3) | |
| Panel A: No Patient Fixed Effects | |||
| HMS (×100) | −0.0816*** | −0.0767*** | −0.0691*** |
| (0.0250) | (0.0244) | (0.0233) | |
| ACSC quality metric | −0.135*** | −0.0916*** | −0.0611*** |
| (×100) | (0.0259) | (0.0230) | (0.0203) |
| Observations | 2,686,216 | 2,686,216 | 2,686,216 |
| R-squared | 0.003 | 0.012 | 0.049 |
| Panel B: Including Patient Fixed Effects | |||
| HMS (×100) | −0.0724*** | −0.0725*** | −0.0669*** |
| (0.0233) | (0.0233) | (0.0234) | |
| ACSC quality metric | 0.0105 | 0.0103 | 0.0043 |
| (×100) | (0.0199) | (0.0199) | (0.020) |
| Observations | 2,601,554 | 2,601,554 | 2,601,554 |
| Mean CVD hosp. | 0.05 | 0.07 | 0.06 |
| R-squared | 0.408 | 0.408 | 0.418 |
| Year FE | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Region | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Ind. cov. | No | Yes | Yes |
| Comorbidities | No | No | Yes |
Notes: Standard errors are clustered at the clinic level. Robust standard errors in parentheses, clustered on the clinic level. *p < 0.1, **p < 0.05, ***p < 0.01.