Changes in Mother and Family Characteristics by Recent Birth Status and Race
| Less than 8 Years of Education | Four or More Own-Children | Tenant Farm Household | |
|---|---|---|---|
| (1) | (2) | (3) | |
| Panel A: Southern Black | |||
| Change among women with a child <1 | −0.233*** | −0.186*** | −0.104*** |
| (0.015) | (0.011) | (0.021) | |
| Change among women without a child <1 | −0.179*** | 0.006 | −0.089*** |
| (0.007) | (0.005) | (0.016) | |
| Difference | −0.054*** | −0.192*** | −0.015** |
| (0.012) | (0.009) | (0.006) | |
| Panel B: Southern White | |||
| Change among women with a child <1 | −0.094*** | −0.085*** | −0.035*** |
| (0.010) | (0.006) | (0.006) | |
| Change among women without a child <1 | −0.085*** | −0.006** | −0.034*** |
| (0.011) | (0.003) | (0.004) | |
| Difference | −0.009* | −0.079*** | −0.001 |
| (0.005) | (0.004) | (0.002) | |
| Panel C: Black–White Difference | |||
| Southern Black difference – southern white difference | −0.045*** | −0.113*** | −0.014** |
| (0.012) | (0.008) | (0.006) | |
| Black–white gap in 1960 census sample with child <1 | 0.25 | 0.31 | 0.08 |
| Percent change | −18% | −37% | −17% |
Notes: Panel A and Panel B show the average change in the indicated characteristic between the 1960 and 1970 censuses among women without a child under one and women with a child under one, as well as the difference in the changes between these two groups. Panel A reports these changes for southern Black women, while Panel B reports them for southern white women. The changes among women with and without a child under one are estimated by regressing the characteristic onto a 1970 indicator within the relevant group, while the differences between the two groups are calculated by regressing the characteristics onto a 1970 indicator, an indicator of having a child under one, and their interaction. Panel C reports the difference in the differences among southern Black women (as reported in Panel A) and southern white women (as reported in Panel B) and are calculated with the three way interaction of a 1970 indicator, an indicator of having a child under one, and a Black indicator, as well as all corresponding main effects and two-way interactions. Each table entry comes from a separate regression. All models apply sampling weights. Standard errors clustered by state are reported in parentheses. Significance: *p < 0.1, **p < 0.05, ***p < 0.01.