Association between Physician Health Management Skills, Ambulatory Care Sensitive Conditions Quality, and Cardiovascular Disease–Related Hospitalization Risk—Linear Probability Regressions
| Outcome: CVD Hospitalization Costs | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| (1) | (2) | (3) | |
| Panel A: No Patient Fixed Effects | |||
| HMS (×100) | −0.334*** | −0.314*** | −0.282*** |
| (0.103) | (0.100) | (0.0952) | |
| ACSC quality metric | −0.579*** | −0.396*** | −0.270*** |
| (×100) | (0.107) | (0.0944) | (0.0826) |
| Observations | 2,685,804 | 2,685,804 | 2,685,804 |
| R-squared | 0.003 | 0.012 | 0.050 |
| Panel B: Including Patient Fixed Effects | |||
| HMS (×100) | −0.278*** | −0.279*** | −0.256*** |
| (0.0908) | (0.0909) | (0.0917) | |
| ACSC quality metric | 0.0379 | 0.0370 | 0.0147 |
| (×100) | (0.0803) | (0.0802) | (0.0813) |
| Observations | 2,601,554 | 2,601,554 | 2,601,554 |
| Mean hosp. exp. (1,000 DKK) | 4.05 | 4.85 | 5.03 |
| R-squared | 0.420 | 0.420 | 0.429 |
| Year FE | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Region | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Ind. cov. | No | Yes | Yes |
| Comorbidities | No | No | Yes |
Notes: Standard errors are clustered at the clinic level. Robust standard errors in parentheses, clustered on the clinic level. *p < 0.1, **p < 0.05, ***p < 0.01.